10 USC Subtitle A, PART V, Subpart B: Acquisition Planning

From Title 10—ARMED FORCESSubtitle A—General Military LawPART V—ACQUISITION

Subpart B—Acquisition Planning

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §801(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1827, added subpart heading.

CHAPTER 221—PLANNING AND SOLICITATION GENERALLY

Sec.

3201.

Full and open competition.

3202.

[Reserved].

3203.

Exclusion of particular source or restriction of solicitation to small business concerns.

3204.

Use of procedures other than competitive procedures.

3205.

Simplified procedures for small purchases.

3206.

Planning and solicitation requirements.

3207.

Assessment before contract for acquisition of supplies is entered into.

3208.

Planning for future competition in contracts for major systems.

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior chapter 221 "PLANNING AND SOLICITATION GENERALLY", as added by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §801(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1827, and consisting of reserved section 3201, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1811(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4164.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Prohibition on Solicitation of Proprietary Armor for Certain Tactical Vehicles

Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title I, §153, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 180, provided that:

"(a) Prohibition.—The Secretary of Defense may not include in a solicitation for a tactical tracked vehicle or tactical wheeled vehicle a requirement that such vehicle use proprietary armor.

"(b) Applicability.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to a contract for the procurement of a tactical tracked vehicle or tactical wheeled vehicle entered into before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2023]."

Defense Industrial Base Munition Surge Capacity Critical Reserve

Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title II, §245, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 210, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, in coordination with the service acquisition executive of each military department, may establish a reserve of long-lead items and components to accelerate the delivery of munitions described in section 222c(c) of title 10, United States Code.

"(b) Quantity.—The quantity of long-lead items and components reserved pursuant to subsection (a) should be in amounts commensurate to fulfill the requirements identified as Out-Year Unconstrained Total Munitions Requirement and Out-Year inventory numbers under section 222c(a) of title 10, United States Code.

"(c) Authority for Advance Procurement.—The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment may enter into one or more contracts, beginning in fiscal year 2024, for the advance procurement of long-lead items and components, or economic order quantities of such items and components when cost savings are achievable, associated with munitions identified in subsection (a). Advance procurement authority may include the cost of shipping, storage, tracking, maintenance, and obsolescence management of long-lead items and components while held in the reserve described in subsection (a).

"(d) Limitations.—No long-lead item or component may be procured under this section if the anticipated life cycle of such item or component requires disposal due to lack of military utility less than 8 years after such item or component is procured.

"(e) Report.—Not later than February 1, 2025, and annually thereafter until February 1, 2030, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report that describes the use of the authority under this section, including—

"(1) the type, number, and value of long-lead items and components procured under each contractual action; and

"(2) information about the location of storage of such items and components.

"(f) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The term 'long-lead item or component' means a material, component, or subsystem of a munition that must be procured well in advance of the need for such munition.

"(2) The terms 'service acquisition executive' and 'military department' have the meanings given, respectively, in section 101 of title 10, United States Code."

Restriction on Procurement or Purchasing by Department of Defense of Turnout Gear for Firefighters Containing Perfluoroalkyl Substances or Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title III, §345, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2530, provided that:

"(a) Prohibition on Procurement and Purchasing.—Subject to subsection (d), beginning on October 1, 2026, the Secretary of Defense may not enter into a contract to procure or purchase covered personal protective firefighting equipment for use by Federal or civilian firefighters if such equipment contains an intentionally added perfluoroalkyl substance or polyfluoroalkyl substance.

"(b) Implementation.—

"(1) Inclusion in contracts.—The Secretary of Defense shall include the prohibition under subsection (a) in any contract entered into by the Department of Defense to procure covered personal protective firefighting equipment for use by Federal or civilian firefighters.

"(2) No obligation to test.—In carrying out the prohibition under subsection (a), the Secretary shall not have an obligation to test covered personal protective firefighting equipment to confirm the absence of perfluoroalkyl substances or polyfluoroalkyl substances.

"(c) Existing Inventory.—Nothing in this section shall impact existing inventories of covered personal protective firefighting equipment.

"(d) Availability of Alternatives.—

"(1) In general.—The requirement under subsection (a) shall be subject to the availability of sufficiently protective covered personal protective firefighting equipment that does not contain intentionally added perfluoroalkyl substances or polyfluoroalkyl substances.

"(2) Extension of effective date.—If the Secretary of Defense determines that no sufficiently protective covered personal protective firefighting equipment that does not contain intentionally added perfluoroalkyl substances or polyfluoroalkyl substances is available, the deadline under subsection (a) shall be extended until the Secretary determines that such covered personal protective firefighting equipment is available.

"(e) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The term 'covered personal protective firefighting equipment' means—

"(A) any product that provides protection to the upper and lower torso, arms, legs, head, hands, and feet; or

"(B) any other personal protective firefighting equipment, as determined by the Secretary of Defense.

"(2) The term 'perfluoroalkyl substance' means a man-made chemical of which all of the carbon atoms are fully fluorinated carbon atoms.

"(3) The term 'polyfluoroalkyl substance' means a man-made chemical containing at least one fully fluorinated carbon atom and at least one non-fully fluorinated carbon atom."

Middle Tier of Acquisition for Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Fielding

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VIII, §837, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1497, provided that:

"(a) Report.—Not later than December 15, 2019, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report that includes the guidance required under section 804(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 10 U.S.C. 2302 note [now 10 U.S.C. 3201 note prec., set out below]). The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall ensure such guidance includes the business case elements required by an acquisition program established pursuant to such guidance and the metrics required to assess the performance of such a program.

"(b) Limitation.—

"(1) In general.—Beginning on December 15, 2019, if the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment has not submitted the report required under subsection (a), not more than 75 percent of the funds specified in paragraph (2) may be obligated or expended until the date on which the report required under subsection (a) has been submitted.

"(2) Funds specified.—The funds specified in this paragraph are the funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act or otherwise made available for fiscal year 2020 for the Department of Defense that remain unobligated as of December 15, 2019, for the following:

"(A) The execution of any acquisition program established pursuant to the guidance required under such section 804(a).

"(B) The operations of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research & Engineering.

"(C) The operations of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition & Sustainment.

"(D) The operations of the Office of the Director of Cost Analysis and Program Evaluation.

"(E) The operations of the offices of the service acquisition executives of the military departments."

Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, §804, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 882, as amended by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §§849(a), 864(b), 897, title X, §1081(c)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2293, 2304, 2327, 2419; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VIII, §866, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1495; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(33), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1546; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title VIII, §805, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3742, provided that:

"(a) Guidance Required.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 25, 2015], the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, in consultation with the Comptroller of the Department of Defense and the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall establish guidance for a 'middle tier' of acquisition programs that are intended to be completed in a period of two to five years.

"(b) Acquisition Pathways.—The guidance required by subsection (a) shall cover the following two acquisition pathways:

"(1) Rapid prototyping.—The rapid prototyping pathway shall provide for the use of innovative technologies to rapidly develop fieldable prototypes to demonstrate new capabilities and meet emerging military needs. The objective of an acquisition program under this pathway shall be to field a prototype that can be demonstrated in an operational environment and provide for a residual operational capability within five years of the development of an approved requirement.

"(2) Rapid fielding.—The rapid fielding pathway shall provide for the use of proven technologies to field production quantities of new or upgraded systems with minimal development required. The objective of an acquisition program under this pathway shall be to begin production within six months and complete fielding within five years of the development of an approved requirement.

"(c) Expedited Process.—

"(1) In general.—The guidance required by subsection (a) shall provide for a streamlined and coordinated requirements, budget, and acquisition process that results in the development of an approved requirement for each program in a period of not more than six months from the time that the process is initiated. Programs that are subject to the guidance shall not be subject to the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System Manual and Department of Defense Directive 5000.01, except to the extent specifically provided in the guidance.

"(2) Rapid prototyping.—With respect to the rapid prototyping pathway, the guidance shall include—

"(A) a merit-based process for the consideration of innovative technologies and new capabilities to meet needs communicated by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the combatant commanders;

"(B) a process for developing and implementing acquisition and funding strategies for the program;

"(C) a process for demonstrating and evaluating the performance of fieldable prototypes developed pursuant to the program in an operational environment; and

"(D) a process for transitioning successful prototypes to new or existing acquisition programs for production and fielding under the rapid fielding pathway or the traditional acquisition system.

"(3) Rapid fielding.—With respect to the rapid fielding pathway, the guidance shall include—

"(A) a merit-based process for the consideration of existing products and proven technologies to meet needs communicated by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the combatant commanders;

"(B) a process for demonstrating performance and evaluating for current operational purposes the proposed products and technologies;

"(C) a process for developing and implementing acquisition and funding strategies for the program;

"(D) a process for considering lifecycle costs and addressing issues of logistics support and system interoperability; and

"(E) a process for identifying and exploiting opportunities to use the rapid fielding pathway to reduce total ownership costs.

"(4) Streamlined procedures.—The guidance for the programs may provide for any of the following streamlined procedures:

"(A) The service acquisition executive of the military department concerned shall appoint a program manager for such program from among candidates from among civilian employees or members of the Armed Forces who have significant and relevant experience managing large and complex programs.

"(B) The program manager for each program shall report with respect to such program directly, without intervening review or approval, to the service acquisition executive of the military department concerned.

"(C) The service acquisition executive of the military department concerned shall evaluate the job performance of such manager on an annual basis. In conducting an evaluation under this paragraph, a service acquisition executive shall consider the extent to which the manager has achieved the objectives of the program for which the manager is responsible, including quality, timeliness, and cost objectives.

"(D) The program manager of a defense streamlined program shall be authorized staff positions for a technical staff, including experts in business management, contracting, auditing, engineering, testing, and logistics, to enable the manager to manage the program without the technical assistance of another organizational unit of an agency to the maximum extent practicable.

"(E) The program manager of a defense streamlined program shall be authorized, in coordination with the users of the equipment and capability to be acquired and the test community, to make trade-offs among life-cycle costs, requirements, and schedules to meet the goals of the program.

"(F) The service acquisition executive, acting in coordination with the defense acquisition executive, shall serve as the milestone decision authority for the program.

"(G) The program manager of a defense streamlined program shall be provided a process to expeditiously seek a waiver from Congress from any statutory or regulatory requirement that the program manager determines adds little or no value to the management of the program.

"(d) Rapid Prototyping Funds.—

"(1)Department of defense rapid prototyping fund.—

"(A) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish a fund to be known as the 'Department of Defense Rapid Prototyping Fund' to provide funds, in addition to other funds that may be available, for acquisition programs under the rapid prototyping pathway established pursuant to this section and other purposes specified in law. The Fund shall be managed by a senior official of the Department of Defense designated by the Deputy Secretary of Defense. The Fund shall consist of—

"(i) amounts appropriated to the Fund;

"(ii) amounts credited to the Fund pursuant to section 828 of this Act [set out as a note preceding section 4201 of this title]; and

"(iii) any other amounts appropriated to, credited to, or transferred to the Fund.

"(B) Transfer authority.—Amounts available in the Fund may be transferred to a military department for the purpose of carrying out an acquisition program under the rapid prototyping pathway established pursuant to this section. Any amount so transferred shall be credited to the account to which it is transferred. The transfer authority provided in this paragraph is in addition to any other transfer authority available to the Department of Defense.

"(C) Congressional notice.—The senior official designated to manage the Fund shall notify the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] of all transfers under paragraph (2) within 5 business days after such transfer. Each notification shall specify the amount transferred, the purpose of the transfer, and the total projected cost and estimated cost to complete the acquisition program to which the funds were transferred."

"(2) Rapid prototyping funds for the military departments.—The Secretary of each military department may establish a military department-specific fund (and, in the case of the Secretary of the Navy, including the Marine Corps) to provide funds, in addition to other funds that may be available to the military department concerned, for acquisition programs under the rapid fielding and prototyping pathways established pursuant to this section. Each military department-specific fund shall consist of amounts appropriated or credited to the fund.

"(e) Report.—Not later than 30 days after the date of termination of an acquisition program commenced using the authority under this section, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a notification of such termination. Such notice shall include—

"(1) the initial amount of a contract awarded under such acquisition program;

"(2) the aggregate amount of funds awarded under such contract; and

"(3) written documentation of the reason for termination of such acquisition program."

[Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title X, §1081(c), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2419, provided that the amendment made by section 1081(c)(2) to section 804 of Pub. L. 114–92, set out above, is effective as of Nov. 25, 2015, and as if included in Pub. L. 114–92 as enacted.]

Use of Alternative Acquisition Paths To Acquire Critical National Security Capabilities

Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, §805, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 885, as amended by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §849(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2293, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 25, 2015], the Secretary of Defense shall establish procedures for alternative acquisition pathways to acquire capital assets and services that meet critical national security needs. The procedures shall—

"(1) be separate from existing acquisition procedures;

"(2) be supported by streamlined contracting, budgeting, life-cycle cost management, and requirements processes;

"(3) establish alternative acquisition paths based on the capabilities being bought and the time needed to deploy these capabilities; and

"(4) maximize the use of flexible authorities in existing law and regulation."

Review and Justification of Pass-Through Contracts

Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §802, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1824, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 2013], the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development shall issue such guidance and regulations as may be necessary to ensure that in any case in which an offeror for a contract or a task or delivery order informs the agency pursuant to section 52.215-22 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation that the offeror intends to award subcontracts for more than 70 percent of the total cost of work to be performed under the contract, task order, or delivery order, the contracting officer for the contract is required to—

"(1) consider the availability of alternative contract vehicles and the feasibility of contracting directly with a subcontractor or subcontractors that will perform the bulk of the work;

"(2) make a written determination that the contracting approach selected is in the best interest of the Government; and

"(3) document the basis for such determination."

Review of Acquisition Process for Rapid Fielding of Capabilities in Response to Urgent Operational Needs

Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, §804, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4256, which required a review of, and subsequent report on, the process for the fielding of capabilities in response to urgent operational needs, was repealed by Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VIII, §804(c)(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2701.

Internal Controls for Procurements on Behalf of the Department of Defense

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, §804(a)–(c), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4519, provided that:

"(a) Inclusion of Additional Non-Defense Agencies in Review.—The covered non-defense agencies specified in subsection (c) of this section shall be considered covered non-defense agencies as defined in subsection (i) of section 817 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (Public Law 109–364; 120 Stat. 2326) [set out below] for purposes of such section.

"(b) Deadlines and Applicability for Additional Non-Defense Agencies.—For each covered non-defense agency specified in subsection (c) of this section, section 817 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (Public Law 109–364; 120 Stat. 2326) shall apply to such agency as follows:

"(1) The review and determination required by subsection (a)(1) of such section shall be completed by not later than March 15, 2009.

"(2) The review and determination required by subsection (a)(2) of such section, if necessary, shall be completed by not later than June 15, 2010, and such review and determination shall be a review and determination of such agency's procurement of property and services on behalf of the Department of Defense in fiscal year 2009.

"(3) The memorandum of understanding required by subsection (c)(1) of such section shall be entered into by not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 14, 2008].

"(4) The limitation specified in subsection (d)(1) of such section shall apply after March 15, 2009, and before June 16, 2010.

"(5) The limitation specified in subsection (d)(2) of such section shall apply after June 15, 2010.

"(6) The limitation required by subsection (d)(3) of such section shall commence, if necessary, on the date that is 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(c) Definition of Covered Non-Defense Agency.—In this section, the term 'covered non-defense agency' means each of the following:

"(1) The Department of Commerce.

"(2) The Department of Energy."

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §801, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 202, as amended by Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, §804(d), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4519; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VIII, §806, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2404; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VIII, §817, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1493; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §§801, 805, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1824, 1826; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(d)(1)(B), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3509; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(42), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1547; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(e)(5), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4156, provided that:

"(a) Inspectors General Reviews and Determinations.—

"(1) In general.—For each covered non-defense agency, the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of such covered non-defense agency may jointly—

"(A) review—

"(i) the procurement policies, procedures, and internal controls of such covered non-defense agency that are applicable to the procurement of property and services on behalf of the Department by such covered non-defense agency; and

"(ii) the administration of such policies, procedures, and internal controls; and

"(B) determine in writing whether such covered non-defense agency is or is not compliant with applicable procurement requirements.

"(2) Separate reviews and determinations.—The Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of a covered non-defense agency may by joint agreement conduct separate reviews of the procurement of property and services on behalf of the Department of Defense that are conducted by separate business units, or under separate government-wide acquisition contracts, of the covered non-defense agency. If such separate reviews are conducted, the Inspectors General shall make a separate determination under paragraph (1)(B) with respect to each such separate review.

"(3) Memoranda of understanding for reviews and determinations.—Not later than one year before a review and determination is to be performed under this subsection with respect to a covered non-defense agency, the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of the covered non-defense agency may enter into a memorandum of understanding with each other to carry out such review and determination.

"(4) Termination of non-compliance determination.—If the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of a covered non-defense agency determine, pursuant to paragraph (1)(B), that a covered non-defense agency is not compliant with applicable procurement requirements, the Inspectors General may terminate such a determination effective on the date on which the Inspectors General jointly—

"(A) determine that the non-defense agency is compliant with applicable procurement requirements; and

"(B) notify the Secretary of Defense of that determination.

"(5) Resolution of disagreements.—If the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of a covered non-defense agency are unable to agree on a joint determination under this subsection, a determination by the Inspector General of the Department of Defense under this subsection shall be conclusive for the purposes of this section.

"(b) Limitation on Procurements on Behalf of Department of Defense.—

"(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), an acquisition official of the Department of Defense may place an order, make a purchase, or otherwise procure property or services for the Department of Defense in excess of the simplified acquisition threshold through a non-defense agency only if—

"(A) in the case of a procurement by any non-defense agency in any fiscal year, the head of the non-defense agency has certified that the non-defense agency will comply with applicable procurement requirements for the fiscal year;

"(B) in the case of—

"(i) a procurement by a covered non-defense agency in a fiscal year for which a memorandum of understanding is to be entered into under subsection (a)(3), the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of the covered non-defense agency have entered into such a memorandum of understanding; or

"(ii) a procurement by a covered non-defense agency in a fiscal year following the Inspectors General review and determination provided for under subsection (a), the Inspectors General have determined that a covered non-defense agency is compliant with applicable procurement requirements or have terminated a prior determination of non-compliance in accordance with subsection (a)(4); and

"(C) the procurement is not otherwise prohibited by section 817 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (Public Law 109–364) or section 811 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006 (Public Law 109–163) [see notes below].

"(2) Exception for procurements of necessary property and services.—

"(A) In general.—The limitation in paragraph (1) shall not apply to the procurement of property and services on behalf of the Department of Defense by a non-defense agency during any fiscal year for which there is in effect a written determination of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment that it is necessary in the interest of the Department of Defense to procure property and services through the non-defense agency during such fiscal year.

"(B) Scope of particular exception.—A written determination with respect to a non-defense agency under subparagraph (A) shall apply to any category of procurements through the non-defense agency that is specified in the determination.

"(3) Treatment of procurements under joint programs with intelligence community.—For purposes of this subsection, a contract entered into by a non-defense agency that is an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003(4))) for the performance of a joint program conducted to meet the needs of the Department of Defense and the non-defense agency shall not be considered a procurement of property or services for the Department of Defense through a non-defense agency.

"(c) Guidance on Interagency Contracting.—

"(1) Requirement.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 28, 2008], the Secretary of Defense shall issue guidance on the use of interagency contracting by the Department of Defense.

"(2) Matters covered.—The guidance required by paragraph (1) shall address the circumstances in which it is appropriate for Department of Defense acquisition officials to procure goods or services through a contract entered into by an agency outside the Department of Defense. At a minimum, the guidance shall address—

"(A) the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such acquisition officials to use direct acquisitions;

"(B) the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such acquisition officials to use assisted acquisitions;

"(C) the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such acquisition officials to use interagency contracting to acquire items unique to the Department of Defense and the procedures for approving such interagency contracting;

"(D) the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such acquisition officials to use interagency contracting to acquire items that are already being provided under a contract awarded by the Department of Defense;

"(E) tools that should be used by such acquisition officials to determine whether items are already being provided under a contract awarded by the Department of Defense; and

"(F) procedures for ensuring that applicable procurement requirements are identified and communicated to outside agencies involved in interagency contracting.

"(d) Compliance With Applicable Procurement Requirements.—

"(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), for the purposes of this section, a non-defense agency is compliant with applicable procurement requirements if the procurement policies, procedures, and internal controls of the non-defense agency applicable to the procurement of products and services on behalf of the Department of Defense, and the manner in which they are administered, are adequate to ensure the compliance of the non-defense agency with the following:

"(A) The Federal Acquisition Regulation and other laws and regulations that apply to procurements of property and services by Federal agencies.

"(B) Laws and regulations (including applicable Department of Defense financial management regulations) that apply to procurements of property and services made by the Department of Defense through other Federal agencies.

"(2) In the case of the procurement of property or services on behalf of the Department of Defense through the Work for Others program of the Department of Energy, the laws and regulations applicable under paragraph (1)(B) are the Department of Energy Acquisition Regulations, pertinent interagency agreements, and Department of Defense and Department of Energy policies related to the Work for Others program.

"(e) Treatment of Procurements for Fiscal Year Purposes.—For the purposes of this section, a procurement shall be treated as being made during a particular fiscal year to the extent that funds are obligated by the Department of Defense for the procurement in that fiscal year.

"(f) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Non-defense agency.—The term 'non-defense agency' means any department or agency of the Federal Government other than the Department of Defense. Such term includes a covered non-defense agency.

"(2) Covered non-defense agency.—The term 'covered non-defense agency' means each of the following:

"(A) The General Services Administration.

"(B) The Department of the Interior.

"(C) The Department of Veterans Affairs.

"(D) The National Institutes of Health.

"(E) The Department of Commerce.

"(F) The Department of Energy.

"(3) Government-wide acquisition contract.—The term 'government-wide acquisition contract' means a task or delivery order contract that—

"(A) is entered into by a non-defense agency; and

"(B) may be used as the contract under which property or services are procured for one or more other departments or agencies of the Federal Government.

"(4) Simplified acquisition threshold.—The term 'simplified acquisition threshold' has the meaning provided by section 3015(a) of title 10, United States Code.

"(5) Interagency contracting.—The term 'interagency contracting' means the exercise of the authority under section 1535 of title 31, United States Code, or other statutory authority, for Federal agencies to purchase goods and services under contracts entered into or administered by other agencies.

"(6) Acquisition official.—The term 'acquisition official', with respect to the Department of Defense, means—

"(A) a contracting officer of the Department of Defense; or

"(B) any other Department of Defense official authorized to approve a direct acquisition or an assisted acquisition on behalf of the Department of Defense.

"(7) Direct acquisition.—The term 'direct acquisition', with respect to the Department of Defense, means the type of interagency contracting through which the Department of Defense orders an item or service from a government-wide acquisition contract maintained by a non-defense agency.

"(8) Assisted acquisition.—The term 'assisted acquisition', with respect to the Department of Defense, means the type of interagency contracting through which acquisition officials of a non-defense agency award a contract or task or delivery order for the procurement of goods or services on behalf of the Department of Defense."

Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title VIII, §817, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2326, as amended by Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(43), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1547, provided that:

"(a) Inspector General Reviews and Determinations.—

"(1) In general.—For each covered non-defense agency, the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of such non-defense agency shall, not later than March 15, 2007, jointly—

"(A) review—

"(i) the procurement policies, procedures, and internal controls of such non-defense agency that are applicable to the procurement of property and services on behalf of the Department by such non-defense agency; and

"(ii) the administration of those policies, procedures, and internal controls; and

"(B) determine in writing whether—

"(i) such non-defense agency is compliant with defense procurement requirements;

"(ii) such non-defense agency is not compliant with defense procurement requirements, but has a program or initiative to significantly improve compliance with defense procurement requirements;

"(iii) neither of the conclusions stated in clauses (i) and (ii) is correct in the case of such non-defense agency; or

"(iv) such non-defense agency is not compliant with defense procurement requirements to such an extent that the interests of the Department of Defense are at risk in procurements conducted by such non-defense agency.

"(2) Actions following certain determinations.—If the Inspectors General determine under paragraph (1) that a conclusion stated in clause (ii), (iii), or (iv) of subparagraph (B) of that paragraph is correct in the case of a covered non-defense agency, such Inspectors General shall, not later than June 15, 2008, jointly—

"(A) conduct a second review, as described in subparagraph (A) of that paragraph, regarding such non-defense agency's procurement of property or services on behalf of the Department of Defense in fiscal year 2007; and

"(B) determine in writing whether such non-defense agency is or is not compliant with defense procurement requirements.

"(b) Compliance With Defense Procurement Requirements.—For the purposes of this section, a covered non-defense agency is compliant with defense procurement requirements if such non-defense agency's procurement policies, procedures, and internal controls applicable to the procurement of products and services on behalf of the Department of Defense, and the manner in which they are administered, are adequate to ensure such non-defense agency's compliance with the requirements of laws and regulations that apply to procurements of property and services made directly by the Department of Defense.

"(c) Memoranda of Understanding Between Inspectors General.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 2006], the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of each covered non-defense agency shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with each other to carry out the reviews and make the determinations required by this section.

"(2) Scope of memoranda.—The Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of a covered non-defense agency may by mutual agreement conduct separate reviews of the procurement of property and services on behalf of the Department of Defense that are conducted by separate business units, or under separate governmentwide acquisition contracts, of such non-defense agency. In any case where such separate reviews are conducted, the Inspectors General shall make separate determinations under paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a), as applicable, with respect to each such separate review.

"(d) Limitations on Procurements on Behalf of Department of Defense.—

"(1) Limitation during review period.—After March 15, 2007, and before June 16, 2008, no official of the Department of Defense may, except as provided in subsection (e) or (f), order, purchase, or otherwise procure property or services in an amount in excess of $100,000 through a covered non-defense agency for which a determination described in clause (iii) or (iv) of paragraph (1)(B) of subsection (a) has been made under subsection (a).

"(2) Limitation after review period.—After June 15, 2008, no official of the Department of Defense may, except as provided in subsection (e) or (f), order, purchase, or otherwise procure property or services in an amount in excess of $100,000 through a covered non-defense agency that, having been subject to review under this section, has not been determined under this section as being compliant with defense procurement requirements.

"(3) Limitation following failure to reach mou.—Commencing on the date that is 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 2006], if a memorandum of understanding between the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of a covered non-defense agency cannot be attained causing the review required by this section to not be performed, no official of the Department of Defense, except as provided in subsection (e) or (f), may order, purchase or otherwise procure property or services in an amount in excess of $100,000 through such non-defense agency.

"(e) Exception From Applicability of Limitations.—

"(1) Exception.—No limitation applies under subsection (d) with respect to the procurement of property and services on behalf of the Department of Defense by a covered non-defense agency during any period that there is in effect a determination of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, made in writing, that it is necessary in the interest of the Department of Defense to continue to procure property and services through such non-defense agency.

"(2) Applicability of determination.—A written determination with respect to a covered non-defense agency under paragraph (1) is in effect for the period, not in excess of one year, that the Under Secretary shall specify in the written determination. The Under Secretary may extend from time to time, for up to one year at a time, the period for which the written determination remains in effect.

"(f) Termination of Applicability of Limitations.—Subsection (d) shall cease to apply to a covered non-defense agency on the date on which the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of such non-defense agency jointly—

"(1) determine that such non-defense agency is compliant with defense procurement requirements; and

"(2) notify the Secretary of Defense of that determination.

"(g) Identification of Procurements Made During a Particular Fiscal Year.—For the purposes of subsection (a), a procurement shall be treated as being made during a particular fiscal year to the extent that funds are obligated by the Department of Defense for that procurement in that fiscal year.

"(h) Resolution of Disagreements.—If the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of a covered non-defense agency are unable to agree on a joint determination under subsection (a) or (f), a determination by the Inspector General of the Department of Defense under such subsection shall be conclusive for the purposes of this section.

"(i) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The term 'covered non-defense agency' means each of the following:

"(A) The Department of Veterans Affairs.

"(B) The National Institutes of Health.

"(2) The term 'governmentwide acquisition contract', with respect to a covered non-defense agency, means a task or delivery order contract that—

"(A) is entered into by the non-defense agency; and

"(B) may be used as the contract under which property or services are procured for one or more other departments or agencies of the Federal Government."

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VIII, §811, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3374, as amended by Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(44), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1547, provided that:

"(a) Inspector General Reviews and Determinations.—

"(A) review—

"(ii) the administration of those policies, procedures, and internal controls; and

"(B) determine in writing whether—

"(i) such non-defense agency is compliant with defense procurement requirements;

"(ii) such non-defense agency is not compliant with defense procurement requirements, but has a program or initiative to significantly improve compliance with defense procurement requirements; or

"(iii) neither of the conclusions stated in clauses (i) and (ii) is correct in the case of such non-defense agency.

"(2) Actions following certain determinations.—If the Inspectors General determine under paragraph (1) that the conclusion stated in clause (ii) or (iii) of subparagraph (B) of that paragraph is correct in the case of a covered non-defense agency, such Inspectors General shall, not later than June 15, 2007, jointly—

"(B) determine in writing whether such non-defense agency is or is not compliant with defense procurement requirements.

"(c) Memoranda of Understanding Between Inspectors General.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 2006], the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of each covered non-defense agency shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with each other to carry out the reviews and make the determinations required by this section.

"(d) Limitations on Procurements on Behalf of Department of Defense.—

"(1) Limitation during review period.—After March 15, 2006, and before June 16, 2007, no official of the Department of Defense may, except as provided in subsection (e) or (f), order, purchase, or otherwise procure property or services in an amount in excess of $100,000 through a covered non-defense agency for which a determination described in paragraph (1)(B)(iii) of subsection (a) has been made under that subsection.

"(2) Limitation after review period.—After June 15, 2007, no official of the Department of Defense may, except as provided in subsection (e) or (f), order, purchase, or otherwise procure property or services in an amount in excess of $100,000 through a covered non-defense agency that, having been subject to review under this section, has not been determined under this section as being compliant with defense procurement requirements.

"(3) Limitation following failure to reach mou.—Commencing on the date that is 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 2006], if a memorandum of understanding between the Inspector General of the Department of Defense and the Inspector General of a covered non-defense agency cannot be attained causing the review required by this section to not be performed, no official of the Department of Defense, except as provided in subsection (e) or (f), may order, purchase or otherwise procure property or services in an amount in excess of $100,000 through such non-defense agency.

"(e) Exception From Applicability of Limitations.—

"(1) determine that such non-defense agency is compliant with defense procurement requirements; and

"(2) notify the Secretary of Defense of that determination.

"(h) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The term 'covered non-defense agency' means each of the following:

"(A) The Department of the Treasury.

"(B) The Department of the Interior.

"(C) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

"(2) The term 'governmentwide acquisition contract', with respect to a covered non-defense agency, means a task or delivery order contract that—

"(A) is entered into by the non-defense agency; and

"(B) may be used as the contract under which property or services are procured for 1 or more other departments or agencies of the Federal Government."

Employment of State Residents in States Having Unemployment Rate in Excess of National Average

Pub. L. 109–289, div. A, title VIII, §8048, Sept. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 1284, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, each contract awarded by the Department of Defense during the current fiscal year and hereafter for construction or service performed in whole or in part in a State (as defined in section 381(d) [now 281(d)] of title 10, United States Code) which is not contiguous with another State and has an unemployment rate in excess of the national average rate of unemployment as determined by the Secretary of Labor, shall include a provision requiring the contractor to employ, for the purpose of performing that portion of the contract in such State that is not contiguous with another State, individuals who are residents of such State and who, in the case of any craft or trade, possess or would be able to acquire promptly the necessary skills: Provided, That the Secretary of Defense may waive the requirements of this section, on a case-by-case basis, in the interest of national security."

Rapid Acquisition and Deployment Procedures

Requirements Relating to Micro-Purchases

Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VIII, §848, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1846, as amended by Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(b)(10), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3507, provided that:

"(a) Requirement.—(1) Not later than October 1, 1998, at least 60 percent of all eligible purchases made by the Department of Defense for an amount less than the micro-purchase threshold shall be made through streamlined micro-purchase procedures.

"(2) Not later than October 1, 2000, at least 90 percent of all eligible purchases made by the Department of Defense for an amount less than the micro-purchase threshold shall be made through streamlined micro-purchase procedures.

"(b) Eligible Purchases.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish which purchases are eligible for purposes of subsection (a). In establishing which purchases are eligible, the Secretary may exclude those categories of purchases determined not to be appropriate or practicable for streamlined micro-purchase procedures.

"(c) Plan.—Not later than March 1, 1998, the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on National Security of the House of Representatives a plan to implement this section.

"(d) Report.—Not later than March 1 in each of the years 1999, 2000, and 2001, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of Senate and House of Representatives] a report on the implementation of this section. Each report shall include—

"(A) the total dollar amount of all Department of Defense purchases for an amount less than the micro-purchase threshold in the fiscal year preceding the year in which the report is submitted;

"(B) the total dollar amount of such purchases that were considered to be eligible purchases;

"(C) the total amount of such eligible purchases that were made through a streamlined micro-purchase method; and

"(D) a description of the categories of purchases excluded from the definition of eligible purchases established under subsection (b).

"(e) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The term 'micro-purchase threshold' has the meaning provided in section 1902 of title 41, United States Code.

"(2) The term 'streamlined micro-purchase procedures' means procedures providing for the use of the Government-wide commercial purchase card or any other method for carrying out micro-purchases that the Secretary of Defense prescribes in the regulations implementing this subsection."

Defense Facility-Wide Pilot Program

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VIII, §822, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 396, as amended by Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1067(6), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774, provided that:

"(a) Authority To Conduct Defense Facility-Wide Pilot Program.—The Secretary of Defense may conduct a pilot program, to be known as the 'defense facility-wide pilot program', for the purpose of determining the potential for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the acquisition process in facilities by using commercial practices on a facility-wide basis.

"(b) Designation of Participating Facilities.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary may designate up to two facilities as participants in the defense facility-wide pilot program.

"(2) The Secretary may designate for participation in the pilot program only those facilities that are authorized to be so designated in a law authorizing appropriations for national defense programs that is enacted after the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 10, 1996].

"(c) Scope of Program.—At a facility designated as a participant in the pilot program, the pilot program shall consist of the following:

"(1) All contracts and subcontracts for defense supplies and services that are performed at the facility.

"(2) All Department of Defense contracts and all subcontracts under Department of Defense contracts performed elsewhere that the Secretary determines are directly and substantially related to the production of defense supplies and services at the facility and are necessary for the pilot program.

"(d) Criteria for Designation of Participating Facilities.—The Secretary shall establish criteria for selecting a facility for designation as a participant in the pilot program. In developing such criteria, the Secretary shall consider the following:

"(1) The number of existing and anticipated contracts and subcontracts performed at the facility—

"(A) for which contractors are required to provide certified cost or pricing data pursuant to [former] section 2306a of title 10, United States Code [see 10 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.]; and

"(B) which are administered with the application of cost accounting standards under section 26(f) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act ([former] 41 U.S.C. 422(f)) [now 41 U.S.C. 1502(a), (b)].

"(2) The relationship of the facility to other organizations and facilities performing under contracts with the Department of Defense and subcontracts under such contracts.

"(3) The impact that the participation of the facility under the pilot program would have on competing domestic manufacturers.

"(4) Such other factors as the Secretary considers appropriate.

"(e) Notification.—(1) The Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a written notification of each facility proposed to be designated by the Secretary for participation in the pilot program.

"(2) The Secretary shall include in the notification regarding a facility designated for participation in the program a management plan addressing the following:

"(A) The proposed treatment of research and development contracts or subcontracts to be performed at the facility during the pilot program.

"(B) The proposed treatment of the cost impact of the use of commercial practices on the award and administration of contracts and subcontracts performed at the facility.

"(C) The proposed method for reimbursing the contractor for existing and new contracts.

"(D) The proposed method for measuring the performance of the facility for meeting the management goals of the Secretary.

"(E) Estimates of the annual amount and the total amount of the contracts and subcontracts covered under the pilot program.

"(3)(A) The Secretary shall ensure that the management plan for a facility provides for attainment of the following objectives:

"(i) A significant reduction of the cost to the Government for programs carried out at the facility.

"(ii) A reduction of the schedule associated with programs carried out at the facility.

"(iii) An increased use of commercial practices and procedures for programs carried out at the facility.

"(iv) Protection of a domestic manufacturer competing for contracts at such facility from being placed at a significant competitive disadvantage by the participation of the facility in the pilot program.

"(B) The management plan for a facility shall also require that all or substantially all of the contracts to be awarded and performed at the facility after the designation of that facility under subsection (b), and all or substantially all of the subcontracts to be awarded under those contracts and performed at the facility after the designation, be—

"(i) for the production of supplies or services on a firm-fixed price basis;

"(ii) awarded without requiring the contractors or subcontractors to provide certified cost or pricing data pursuant to [former] section 2306a of title 10, United States Code [see 10 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.]; and

"(iii) awarded and administered without the application of cost accounting standards under section 26(f) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act ([former] 41 U.S.C. 422(f)) [now 41 U.S.C. 1502(a), (b)].

"(f) Exemption From Certain Requirements.—In the case of a contract or subcontract that is to be performed at a facility designated for participation in the defense facility-wide pilot program and that is subject to [former] section 2306a of title 10, United States Code [see 10 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.], or section 26(f) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act ([former] 41 U.S.C. 422(f)) [now 41 U.S.C. 1502(a), (b)], the Secretary of Defense may exempt such contract or subcontract from the requirement to obtain certified cost or pricing data under such [former] section 2306a [see 10 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.] or the requirement to apply mandatory cost accounting standards under such section 26(f) [now 41 U.S.C. 1502(a), (b)] if the Secretary determines that the contract or subcontract—

"(1) is within the scope of the pilot program (as described in subsection (c)); and

"(2) is fairly and reasonably priced based on information other than certified cost and pricing data.

"(g) Special Authority.—The authority provided under subsection (a) includes authority for the Secretary of Defense—

"(1) to apply any amendment or repeal of a provision of law made in this Act [see Tables for classification] to the pilot program before the effective date of such amendment or repeal; and

"(2) to apply to a procurement of items other than commercial items under such program—

"(A) the authority provided in section 34 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act ([former] 41 U.S.C. 430) [now 41 U.S.C. 1906] to waive a provision of law in the case of commercial items, and

"(B) any exception applicable under this Act or the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994 (Public Law 103–355) [see Tables for classification] (or an amendment made by a provision of either Act) in the case of commercial items,

before the effective date of such provision (or amendment) to the extent that the Secretary determines necessary to test the application of such waiver or exception to procurements of items other than commercial items.

"(h) Applicability.—(1) Subsections (f) and (g) apply to the following contracts, if such contracts are within the scope of the pilot program at a facility designated for the pilot program under subsection (b):

"(A) A contract that is awarded or modified during the period described in paragraph (2).

"(B) A contract that is awarded before the beginning of such period, that is to be performed (or may be performed), in whole or in part, during such period, and that may be modified as appropriate at no cost to the Government.

"(2) The period referred to in paragraph (1), with respect to a facility designated under subsection (b), is the period that—

"(A) begins 45 days after the date of the enactment of the Act authorizing the designation of that facility in accordance with paragraph (2) of such subsection; and

"(B) ends on September 30, 2000.

"(i) Commercial Practices Encouraged.—With respect to contracts and subcontracts within the scope of the defense facility-wide pilot program, the Secretary of Defense may, to the extent the Secretary determines appropriate and in accordance with applicable law, adopt commercial practices in the administration of contracts and subcontracts. Such commercial practices may include the following:

"(1) Substitution of commercial oversight and inspection procedures for Government audit and access to records.

"(2) Incorporation of commercial oversight, inspection, and acceptance procedures.

"(3) Use of alternative dispute resolution techniques (including arbitration).

"(4) Elimination of contract provisions authorizing the Government to make unilateral changes to contracts."

Elimination of Use of Class I Ozone-Depleting Substances in Certain Military Procurement Contracts

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title III, §326, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2368, as amended by Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §§1502(c)(2)(A), 1504(c)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 506, 514; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1067(8), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(b)(14), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3508, provided that:

"(a) Elimination of Use of Class I Ozone-Depleting Substances.—(1) No Department of Defense contract awarded after June 1, 1993, may include a specification or standard that requires the use of a class I ozone-depleting substance or that can be met only through the use of such a substance unless the inclusion of the specification or standard in the contract is approved by the senior acquisition official for the procurement covered by the contract. The senior acquisition official may grant the approval only if the senior acquisition official determines (based upon the certification of an appropriate technical representative of the official) that a suitable substitute for the class I ozone-depleting substance is not currently available.

"(2)(A)(i) Not later than 60 days after the completion of the first modification, amendment, or extension after June 1, 1993, of a contract referred to in clause (ii), the senior acquisition official (or the designee of that official) shall carry out an evaluation of the contract in order to determine—

"(I) whether the contract includes a specification or standard that requires the use of a class I ozone-depleting substance or can be met only through the use of such a substance; and

"(II) in the event of a determination that the contract includes such a specification or standard, whether the contract can be carried out through the use of an economically feasible substitute for the ozone-depleting substance or through the use of an economically feasible alternative technology for a technology involving the use of the ozone-depleting substance.

"(ii) A contract referred to in clause (i) is any contract in an amount in excess of $10,000,000 that—

"(I) was awarded before June 1, 1993; and

"(II) as a result of the modification, amendment, or extension described in clause (i), will expire more than 1 year after the effective date of the modification, amendment, or extension.

"(iii) A contract under evaluation under clause (i) may not be further modified, amended, or extended until the evaluation described in that clause is complete.

"(B) If the acquisition official (or designee) determines that an economically feasible substitute substance or alternative technology is available for use in a contract under evaluation, the appropriate contracting officer shall enter into negotiations to modify the contract to require the use of the substitute substance or alternative technology.

"(C) A determination that a substitute substance or technology is not available for use in a contract under evaluation shall be made in writing by the senior acquisition official (or designee).

"(D) The Secretary of Defense may, consistent with the Federal Acquisition Regulation, adjust the price of a contract modified under subparagraph (B) to take into account the use by the contractor of a substitute substance or alternative technology in the modified contract.

"(3) The senior acquisition official authorized to grant an approval under paragraph (1) and the senior acquisition official and designees authorized to carry out an evaluation and make a determination under paragraph (2) shall be determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. A senior acquisition official may not delegate the authority provided in paragraph (1).

"(4) Each official who grants an approval authorized under paragraph (1) or makes a determination under paragraph (2)(B) shall submit to the Secretary of Defense a report on that approval or determination, as the case may be, as follows:

"(A) Beginning on October 1, 1993, and continuing for 8 calendar quarters thereafter, by submitting a report on the approvals granted or determinations made under such authority during the preceding quarter not later than 30 days after the end of such quarter.

"(B) Beginning on January 1, 1997, and continuing for 4 years thereafter, by submitting a report on the approvals granted or determinations made under such authority during the preceding year not later than 30 days after the end of such year.

"(5) The Secretary shall promptly transmit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives each report submitted to the Secretary under paragraph (4). The Secretary shall transmit the report in classified and unclassified forms.

"(b) Cost Recovery.—In any case in which a Department of Defense contract is modified or a specification or standard for such a contract is waived at the request of a contractor in order to permit the contractor to use in the performance of the contract a substitute for a class I ozone-depleting substance or an alternative technology for a technology involving the use of a class I ozone-depleting substance, the Secretary of Defense may adjust the price of the contract in a manner consistent with the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

"(c) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The term 'class I ozone-depleting substance' means any substance listed under section 602(a) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7671a(a)).

"(2) The term 'Federal Acquisition Regulation' means the single Government-wide procurement regulation issued under section 1303(a) of title 41, United States Code."

Minimum Percentage of Competitive Procurements

Pub. L. 99–145, title IX, §913, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 687, as amended by Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIII, §1322(d)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1672, provided that:

"(a) Annual Goal.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish for each fiscal year a goal for the percentage of defense procurements to be made during that year (expressed in total dollar value of contracts entered into) that are to be competitive procurements.

"(b) Definition.—For the purposes of this section, the term 'competitive procurements' means procurements made by the Department of Defense through the use of competitive procedures, as defined in [former] section 2304 of title 10, United States Code [see 10 U.S.C. 3201 et seq.]."

§3201. Full and open competition

(a) In General.—Except as provided in sections 3203, 3204(a), and 3205 of this title and except in the case of procurement procedures otherwise expressly authorized by statute, the head of an agency in conducting a procurement for property or services—

(1) shall obtain full and open competition through the use of competitive procedures in accordance with the requirements of this section and sections 3069, 3203, 3204, 3205, 3403, 3405, 3406, 3901, 4501, and 4502 of this title and the Federal Acquisition Regulation; and

(2) shall use the competitive procedure or combination of competitive procedures that is best suited under the circumstances of the procurement.

(b) Determination of Appropriate Competitive Procedures.—In determining the competitive procedure appropriate under the circumstances, the head of an agency—

(1) shall solicit sealed bids if—

(A) time permits the solicitation, submission, and evaluation of sealed bids;

(B) the award will be made on the basis of price and other price-related factors;

(D) there is a reasonable expectation of receiving more than one sealed bid; and

(2) shall request competitive proposals if sealed bids are not appropriate under paragraph (1).

(c) Efficient Fulfillment of Government Requirements.—The Federal Acquisition Regulation shall ensure that the requirement to obtain full and open competition is implemented in a manner that is consistent with the need to efficiently fulfill the Government's requirements.

(d) Certain Purchases or Contracts to Be Treated as if Made With Sealed-bid Procedures.—For the purposes of the following, purchases or contracts awarded after using procedures other than sealed-bid procedures shall be treated as if they were made with sealed-bid procedures:

(1) Chapter 65 of title 41.

(2) Sections 3141–3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40.

(e) New Contracts and Merit-based Selection Procedures.—

(1) Congressional policy.—It is the policy of Congress that an agency named in section 3063 of this title should not be required by legislation to award a new contract to a specific non-Federal Government entity. It is further the policy of Congress that any program, project, or technology identified in legislation be procured through merit-based selection procedures.

(2) New contract described.—For purposes of this subsection, a contract is a new contract unless the work provided for in the contract is a continuation of the work performed by the specified entity under a preceding contract.

(3) Provision of law described.—A provision of law may not be construed as requiring a new contract to be awarded to a specified non-Federal Government entity unless that provision of law—

(A) specifically refers to this subsection;

(B) specifically identifies the particular non-Federal Government entity involved; and

(C) specifically states that the award to that entity is required by such provision of law in contravention of the policy set forth in paragraph (1).

(4) Exception.—This subsection shall not apply with respect to any contract that calls upon the National Academy of Sciences to investigate, examine, or experiment upon any subject of science or art of significance to an agency named in section 3063 of this title and to report on such matters to the Congress or any agency of the Federal Government.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1811(c), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4165; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(b)(4)(A), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2132.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (a) of section 2304 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsecs. (a) and (b), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(c)(2), was based on Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2723(a)(1)(C), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1187; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, §1303(a)(13), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 739; Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(3)(A), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 281; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1001(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3249.

The text of subsec. (j) of section 2304 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (c), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(c)(3), was based on Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLI, §4101(a)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 642.

The text of subsec. (h) of section 2304 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (d), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(c)(4), was based on act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 128; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §511(76), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2926; Pub. L. 97–295, §1(24)(B), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1291; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §§2723(a)(1)(B), 2727(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1187, 1194; Pub. L. 98–577, title V, §504(b)(2), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3086; Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLIII, §4321(b)(5), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 672; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(b)(3), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1295; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(12)(E), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3843.

The text of subsec. (k) of section 2304 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (e), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(c)(5), was based on Pub. L. 103–355, title VII, §7203(a)(1)(B), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3379; Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLI, §4101(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 642.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3201 was renumbered section 7101 of this title.

Another prior section 3201, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 172; Pub. L. 85–861, §1(62), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1462; Pub. L. 88–647, title III, §301(4), Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1071, prescribed the authorized strength of the Army in members on active duty, exclusive of certain categories, and the authorized daily average strength of the Army in members on active duty during the fiscal year, exclusive of certain categories, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §202, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981.

A prior section 3202, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 172; Pub. L. 85–861, §1(63), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1463; Pub. L. 90–228, §1(1), (2), Dec. 28, 1967, 81 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §203(a), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878, related to authorized strength of Army in general officers on active duty, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title IV, §403(b)(1)(A), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1545.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(c)(2)(B), (C), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(4)(A)(i), inserted heading, struck out par. (1) designation at beginning and substituted "Except as provided in sections 3203, 3204(a), and 3205 of this title" for "Except as provided in subsections (b), (c), and (g)" in introductory provisions, and redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as pars. (1) and (2), respectively. Par. (2) subsequently redesignated subsec. (b).

Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(c)(2), transferred subsec. (a) of section 2304 of this title to this section.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(c)(2)(D), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(4)(A)(ii), substituted "this section and sections 3069, 3203, 3204, 3205, 3403, 3405, 3406, 3901, 4501, and 4502 of this title" for "this chapter".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(c)(2)(A), (E), redesignated subsec. (a)(2) as (b) and inserted heading, redesignated subpar. (A) and cls. (i) to (iv) as par. (1) and subpars. (A) to (D), respectively, and redesignated subpar. (B) as par. (2) and substituted "paragraph (1)" for "clause (A)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(c)(3), redesignated subsec. (j) of section 2304 of this title as subsec. (c) of this section and inserted heading.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(c)(4), redesignated subsec. (h) of section 2304 of this title as subsec. (d) of this section and inserted heading.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(c)(5), redesignated subsec. (k) of section 2304 of this title as subsec. (e) of this section, inserted subsec. and par. headings, switched order and designations of pars. (2) and (3), realigned margins of pars. (2) to (4), and substituted "section 3063" for "section 2303(a)" in pars. (1) and (4).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–81 applicable as if included in the enactment of title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 as enacted, see section 1701(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and Effective Date note below.

Effective Date

Section and amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as an Effective Date of 2021 Amendment note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Competition for Procurement of Small Arms Supplied to Iraq and Afghanistan

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §892, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 270, provided that:

"(a) Competition Requirement.—For the procurement of pistols and other weapons described in subsection (b), the Secretary of Defense shall ensure, consistent with the provisions of section 2304 of title 10, United States Code [see 10 U.S.C. 3201 et seq.], that—

"(1) full and open competition is obtained to the maximum extent practicable;

"(2) no responsible United States manufacturer is excluded from competing for such procurements; and

"(3) products manufactured in the United States are not excluded from the competition.

"(b) Procurements Covered.—This section applies to the procurement of the following:

"(1) Pistols and other weapons less than 0.50 caliber for assistance to the Army of Iraq, the Iraqi Police Forces, and other Iraqi security organizations.

"(2) Pistols and other weapons less than 0.50 caliber for assistance to the Army of Afghanistan, the Afghani Police Forces, and other Afghani security organizations."

Competitive Award of Contracts for Reconstruction Activities in Iraq

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title VIII, §805(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1542, provided that: "The Department of Defense shall fully comply with [former] chapter 137 of title 10, United States Code, and other applicable procurement laws and regulations for any contract awarded for reconstruction activities in Iraq, and shall conduct a full and open competition for performing work needed for the reconstruction of the Iraqi oil industry."

§3203. Exclusion of particular source or restriction of solicitation to small business concerns

(a) Exclusion of Particular Source.—

(1) Criteria for exclusion.—The head of an agency may provide for the procurement of property or services covered by chapter 137 legacy provisions using competitive procedures but excluding a particular source in order to establish or maintain an alternative source or sources of supply for that property or service if the head of the agency determines that to do so—

(A) would increase or maintain competition and would likely result in reduced overall costs for such procurement, or for any anticipated procurement, of property or services;

(B) would be in the interest of national defense in having a facility (or a producer, manufacturer, or other supplier) available for furnishing the property or service in case of a national emergency or industrial mobilization;

(C) would be in the interest of national defense in establishing or maintaining an essential engineering, research, or development capability to be provided by an educational or other nonprofit institution or a federally funded research and development center;

(D) would ensure the continuous availability of a reliable source of supply of such property or service;

(E) would satisfy projected needs for such property or service determined on the basis of a history of high demand for the property or service; or

(F) in the case of medical supplies, safety supplies, or emergency supplies, would satisfy a critical need for such supplies.

(2) Determination for Class Disallowed.—A determination under paragraph (1) may not be made for a class of purchases or contracts.

(b) Exclusion of Other Than Small Business Concerns.—The head of an agency may provide for the procurement of property or services covered by chapter 137 legacy provisions using competitive procedures, but excluding concerns other than small business concerns in furtherance of sections 9 and 15 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638, 644).

(c) Inapplicability of Justification and Approval Requirements.—A contract awarded pursuant to the competitive procedures referred to in subsections (a)(1) and (b) shall not be subject to the justification and approval required by section 3204(e)(1) of this title.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1811(d)(1), (2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4166; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(d)(3), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2136.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (b) of section 2304 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(2), was based on Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2723(a)(1)(C), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1187; Pub. L. 98–577, title V, §504(b)(1), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3086; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, §1343(a)(14), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3993; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VIII, 853(d), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1519; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title VIII, §801(h)(2), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2445; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1002, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3249; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §812(a)(2)(C)(v), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1847.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3203, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 173; Pub. L. 85–861, §1(64), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1463, prescribed authorized strength of Regular Army in members on active duty, exclusive of officers candidates, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §202, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(2)(A), redesignated subsec. (b) of section 2304 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section and inserted heading.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(2)(A)–(C), inserted heading, substituted "covered by chapter 137 legacy provisions" for "covered by this chapter" in introductory provisions, and realigned margins of subpars. (A) to (F).

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(2)(F), redesignated par. (4) as (2), inserted heading, and realigned margin. Former pars. (2) and (3) redesignated subsecs. (b) and (c), respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(2)(D), redesignated subsec. (a)(2) as (b), inserted heading, and substituted "chapter 137 legacy provisions" for "this section".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–81 substituted "subsections (a)(1) and (b)" for "paragraphs (1) and (2)".

Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(2)(E), redesignated subsec. (a)(3) as (c), inserted heading, and substituted "section 3204(e)(1) of this title" for "subsection (f)(1)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–81 to take effect immediately after the amendments made by title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 have taken effect, see section 1701(a)(3) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and Effective Date note below.

Effective Date

§3204. Use of procedures other than competitive procedures

(a) When Procedures Other Than Competitive Procedures May Be Used.—The head of an agency may use procedures other than competitive procedures only when—

(1) the property or services needed by the agency are available from only one responsible source or only from a limited number of responsible sources and no other type of property or services will satisfy the needs of the agency;

(2) the agency's need for the property or services is of such an unusual and compelling urgency that the United States would be seriously injured unless the agency is permitted to limit the number of sources from which it solicits bids or proposals;

(3) it is necessary to award the contract to a particular source or sources in order—

(A) to maintain a facility, producer, manufacturer, or other supplier available for furnishing property or services in case of a national emergency or to achieve industrial mobilization;

(B) to establish or maintain an essential engineering, research, or development capability to be provided by an educational or other nonprofit institution or a federally funded research and development center; or

(C) to procure the services of an expert for use, in any litigation or dispute (including any reasonably foreseeable litigation or dispute) involving the Federal Government, in any trial, hearing, or proceeding before any court, administrative tribunal, or agency, or to procure the services of an expert or neutral for use in any part of an alternative dispute resolution or negotiated rulemaking process, whether or not the expert is expected to testify;

(4) the terms of an international agreement or a treaty between the United States and a foreign government or international organization, or the written directions of a foreign government reimbursing the agency for the cost of the procurement of the property or services for such government, have the effect of requiring the use of procedures other than competitive procedures;

(5) subject to section 3201(e) of this title, a statute expressly authorizes or requires that the procurement be made through another agency or from a specified source, or the agency's need is for a brand-name commercial product for authorized resale;

(6) the disclosure of the agency's needs would compromise the national security unless the agency is permitted to limit the number of sources from which it solicits bids or proposals; or

(7) the head of the agency (who may not delegate the authority under this paragraph)—

(A) determines that it is necessary in the public interest to use procedures other than competitive procedures in the particular procurement concerned, and

(B) notifies the Congress in writing of such determination not less than 30 days before the award of the contract.

(b) Property or Services Considered to Be Available From Only One Source.—For the purposes of applying subsection (a)(1)—

(A) in the case of a contract for property or services to be awarded on the basis of acceptance of an unsolicited research proposal, the property or services shall be considered to be available from only one source if the source has submitted an unsolicited research proposal that demonstrates a concept—

(i) that is unique and innovative or, in the case of a service, for which the source demonstrates a unique capability of the source to provide the service; and

(ii) the substance of which is not otherwise available to the United States, and does not resemble the substance of a pending competitive procurement; and

(B) in the case of a follow-on contract for the continued development or production of a major system or highly specialized equipment, or the continued provision of highly specialized services, such property or services may be deemed to be available only from the original source and may be procured through procedures other than competitive procedures when it is likely that award to a source other than the original source would result in—

(i) substantial duplication of cost to the United States which is not expected to be recovered through competition; or

(ii) unacceptable delays in fulfilling the agency's needs.

(1) Allowable contract period.—The contract period of a contract described in paragraph (2) that is entered into by an agency pursuant to the authority provided under subsection (a)(2)—

(A) may not exceed the time necessary—

(i) to meet the unusual and compelling requirements of the work to be performed under the contract; and

(ii) for the agency to enter into another contract for the required goods or services through the use of competitive procedures; and

(B) may not exceed one year unless the head of the agency entering into such contract determines that exceptional circumstances apply.

(2) Applicability of allowable contract period.—This subsection applies to any contract in an amount greater than the simplified acquisition threshold.

(d) Offer Requests to Potential Sources.—The head of an agency using procedures other than competitive procedures to procure property or services by reason of the application of paragraph (2) or (6) of subsection (a) shall request offers from as many potential sources as is practicable under the circumstances.

(e) Justification for Use of Procedures Other Than Competitive Procedures.—

(1) Prerequisites for awarding contract.—Except as provided in paragraphs (3), (4), and (7), the head of an agency may not award a contract using procedures other than competitive procedures unless—

(A) the contracting officer for the contract justifies the use of such procedures in writing and certifies the accuracy and completeness of the justification;

(B) the justification is approved—

(i) in the case of a contract for an amount exceeding $500,000 (but equal to or less than $10,000,000), by the competition advocate for the procuring activity (without further delegation) or by an official referred to in clause (ii) or (iii);

(ii) in the case of a contract for an amount exceeding $10,000,000 (but equal to or less than $75,000,000), by the head of the procuring activity (or the head of the procuring activity's delegate designated pursuant to paragraph (5)(A)); or

(iii) in the case of a contract for an amount exceeding $75,000,000, by the senior procurement executive of the agency designated pursuant to section 1702(c) of title 41 (without further delegation) or in the case of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, acting in his capacity as the senior procurement executive for the Department of Defense, the Under Secretary's delegate designated pursuant to paragraph (5)(B); and

(C) any required notice has been published with respect to such contract pursuant to section 1708 of title 41 and all bids or proposals received in response to that notice have been considered by the head of the agency.

(2) Elements of justification.—The justification required by paragraph (1)(A) shall include—

(A) a description of the agency's needs;

(B) an identification of the statutory exception from the requirement to use competitive procedures and a demonstration, based on the proposed contractor's qualifications or the nature of the procurement, of the reasons for using that exception;

(D) a description of the market survey conducted or a statement of the reasons a market survey was not conducted;

(E) a listing of the sources, if any, that expressed in writing an interest in the procurement; and

(F) a statement of the actions, if any, the agency may take to remove or overcome any barrier to competition before a subsequent procurement for such needs.

(3) Justification and approval allowed after contract awarded.—In the case of a procurement permitted by subsection (a)(2), the justification and approval required by paragraph (1) may be made after the contract is awarded.

(4) Justification and approval not required.—The justification and approval required by paragraph (1) is not required—

(A) when a statute expressly requires that the procurement be made from a specified source;

(B) when the agency's need is for a brand-name commercial product for authorized resale;

(D) in the case of a procurement conducted under (i) chapter 85 of title 41, or (ii) section 8(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(a)); or

(E) in the case of a procurement permitted by subsection (a)(4), but only if the head of the contracting activity prepares a document in connection with such procurement that describes the terms of an agreement or treaty, or the written directions, referred to in that subsection that have the effect of requiring the use of procedures other than competitive procedures.

(5) Restrictions on Agencies.—

(A) In no case may the head of an agency—

(i) enter into a contract for property or services using procedures other than competitive procedures on the basis of the lack of advance planning or concerns related to the amount of funds available to the agency for procurement functions; or

(ii) procure property or services from another agency unless such other agency complies fully with the requirements of chapter 137 legacy provisions in its procurement of such property or services.

(B) The restriction contained in subparagraph (A)(ii) is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other restriction provided by law.

(6) Limitation on Delegations of Authority Under Paragraph (1)(B).—(A) The authority of the head of a procuring activity under paragraph (1)(B)(ii) may be delegated only to an officer or employee who—

(i) if a member of the armed forces, is a general or flag officer; or

(ii) if a civilian, is serving in a position with a grade under the General Schedule (or any other schedule for civilian officers or employees) that is comparable to or higher than the grade of brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half).

(B) The authority of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment under paragraph (1)(B)(iii) may be delegated only to—

(i) an Assistant Secretary of Defense; or

(ii) with respect to the element of the Department of Defense (as specified in section 111(b) of this title), other than a military department, carrying out the procurement action concerned, an officer or employee serving in or assigned or detailed to that element who—

(I) if a member of the armed forces, is serving in a grade above brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half); or

(II) if a civilian, is serving in a position with a grade under the General Schedule (or any other schedule for civilian officers or employees) that is comparable to or higher than the grade of major general or rear admiral.

(7) Justification and approval not required for phase iii sbir award.—The justification and approval required by paragraph (1) is not required in the case of a Phase III award made pursuant to section 9(r)(4) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638(r)(4)).

(f) Public Availability of Justification and Approval Required for Using Procedures Other Than Competitive Procedures.—

(1) Time requirement.—

(A) Within 14 days after contract award.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in the case of a procurement permitted by subsection (a), the head of an agency shall make publicly available, within 14 days after the award of the contract, the documents containing the justification and approval required by subsection (e)(1) with respect to the procurement.

(B) Within 30 days after contract award.—In the case of a procurement permitted by subsection (a)(2), subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting "30 days" for "14 days".

(2) Availability on websites.—The documents shall be made available on the website of the agency and through a government-wide website selected by the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy.

(3) Exception.—This subsection does not require the public availability of information that is exempt from public disclosure under section 552(b) of title 5.

(g) Regulations With Respect to Negotiation of Prices.—

(1) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe by regulation the manner in which the Department of Defense negotiates prices for supplies to be obtained through the use of procedures other than competitive procedures.

(2) The regulations required by paragraph (1) shall—

(A) specify the incurred overhead a contractor may appropriately allocate to supplies referred to in that paragraph; and

(B) require the contractor to identify those supplies which it did not manufacture or to which it did not contribute significant value.

(3) Such regulations shall not apply to an item of supply included in a contract or subcontract for which the price is based on established catalog or market prices of commercial products sold in substantial quantities to the general public.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1811(d)(1), (3)–(8), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4166–4169; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(b)(4)(B)–(E), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2132.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (c) of section 2304 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (a), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(3), was based on Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2723(a)(1)(C), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1187; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §923(a)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783-152, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §923(a)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341-152; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §923(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3932, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1005, title VII, §7203(a)(1)(A), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3254, 3379; Pub. L. 104–320, §§7(a)(1), 11(c)(1), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3871, 3873; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(a)(42), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1902; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, 836(c)(2)(A), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1864.

The text of subsec. (d) of section 2304 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsecs. (b) and (c), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(4), was based on Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2723(a)(1)(C), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1187; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §923(b), (c)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783-152, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §923(b), (c)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341-152,Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §923(b), (c), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3932, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, §862(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4546.

The text of subsec. (e) of section 2304 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (d), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(5), was based on Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2723(a)(1)(C), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1187.

The text of subsec. (f) of section 2304 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (e), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(6), was based on Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2723(a)(1)(C), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1187; Pub. L. 98–577, title V, §504(b)(2), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3086; Pub. L. 99–145, title IX, §961(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(3)(A), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 281; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VIII, §803, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2008; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VIII, §§817, 818, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1501, 1502; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IX, §904(d)(1), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1728; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1003, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3249; Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLI, §§4102(a), title XLIII, §4321(b)(4), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 643, 672; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VIII, §841(b), title X, §1073(a)(43), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1843, 1902; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, §1048(b)(2), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1225; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title VIII, §815, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2015; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, §1071(a)(2), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2398; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §844(b)(2), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 239; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(12)(A)–(C), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3843; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title XVII, §1709(b)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1809; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §836(c)(2)(A), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1864; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(39), title XVII, §1731(a)(37), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1547, 1814.

The text of subsec. (l) of section 2304 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (f), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(7), was based on Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §844(b)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 239.

The text of subsec. (i) of section 2304 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (g), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(8), was based on Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §927(a)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783-155, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §927(a)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341-155; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §927(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3935, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §836(c)(2)(C), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1864.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3204, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 173, Pub. L. 85–600, §1(2), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 522; Pub. L. 95–551, §2, Oct. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 2069, prescribed authorized strength of Regular Army in commissioned officers of active list, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §202, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(3)(A), inserted heading.

Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(3), redesignated subsec. (c) of section 2304 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(3)(B), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(4)(B), inserted dash after "in order" and reformatted subpars. (A) to (C) to add line breaks before each subpar. designation and substituted semicolons for commas.

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(3)(C), substituted "section 3201(e) of this title" for "subsection (k)".

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(3)(D), inserted "(who may not delegate the authority under this paragraph)" after "the head of the agency" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(4)(A), (B), inserted heading, struck out par. (1) designation at beginning, and substituted "subsection (a)(1)" for "subsection (c)(1)" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(4), redesignated subsec. (d) of section 2304 of this title as subsec. (b) of this section.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(4)(C), struck out par. (2) which read as follows: "The authority of the head of an agency under subsection (c)(7) may not be delegated."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(4)(D), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(4)(C), redesignated subsec. (b)(3) as (c) and inserted heading; redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as pars. (1) and (2), respectively, inserted headings, and realigned margins; in par. (1) as redesignated, substituted "paragraph (2)" for "subparagraph (B)" and "subsection (a)(2)" for "subsection (c)(2)" in introductory provisions, redesignated cl. (i) and subcls. (I) and (II) as subpar. (A) and cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, redesignated cl. (ii) as subpar. (B), and realigned margins; and, in par. (2) as redesignated, substituted "This subsection" for "This paragraph".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(5), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(4)(D), redesignated subsec. (e) of section 2304 of this title as subsec. (d) of this section, inserted heading, and substituted "paragraph (2) or (6) of subsection (a)" for "subsection (c)(2) or (c)(6)".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(6)(A), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(4)(E)(i), inserted heading.

Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(6), redesignated subsec. (f) of section 2304 of this title as subsec. (e) of this section.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(6)(A), (B), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(4)(E)(ii), inserted heading, substituted "Except as provided in paragraphs (3), (4), and (7)" for "Except as provided in paragraph (2) and paragraph (6)", and realigned margins of subpars. (A) to (C).

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(6)(C), (D), (K), redesignated par. (3) as (2), inserted heading, and realigned margin. Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(6)(C), (E), (K), redesignated par. (2) as (3), inserted heading, substituted "subsection (a)(2)" for "subsection (c)(2)", and realigned margin. Former par. (3) redesignated (2).

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(6)(G), (K), designated second sentence of par. (3) as (4), inserted heading, realigned margin, and substituted "subsection (a)(7)" for "subsection (c)(7)" in subpar. (C) and "subsection (a)(4)" for "subsection (c)(4)" in subpar. (E). Former par. (4) redesignated (5).

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(6)(F), (H), (K), redesignated par. (4) as (5), inserted heading, and realigned margin; inserted subpar. (A) designation before "In no case", redesignated former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, and, in cl. (ii), substituted "chapter 137 legacy provisions" for "this chapter"; and designated concluding provisions as subpar. (B) and substituted "subparagraph (A)(ii)" for "clause (B)". Former par. (5) redesignated (6).

Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(6)(I), (K), redesignated par. (5) as (6), inserted heading, and realigned margin. Former par. (6) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (e)(7). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(6)(J), (K), redesignated par. (6) as (7), inserted heading, and realigned margin.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(7)(A), inserted heading.

Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(7), redesignated subsec. (l) of section 2304 of this title as subsec. (f) of this section.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(7)(A)–(C), inserted par. and subpar. headings, substituted "subsection (a)" for "subsection (c)" and "subsection (e)(1)" for "subsection (f)(1)" in subpar. (A) and "subsection (a)(2)" for "subsection (c)(2)" in subpar. (B).

Subsec. (f)(2), (3). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(7)(D)–(F), inserted headings and realigned margins.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(8)(A), inserted heading.

Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(8), redesignated subsec. (i) of section 2304 of this title as subsec. (g) of this section.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(8)(B), struck out ", as defined in section 2302(2) of this title" before period at end.

Subsec. (g)(2), (3). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(8)(C), realigned margins.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Effective Date

Pilot Program To Incentivize Contracting With Employee-Owned Businesses

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VIII, §874, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1863, as amended by Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title VIII, §872, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 349, provided that:

"(a) Qualified Business Wholly-owned Through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan Defined.—The term 'qualified businesses wholly-owned through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan' means an S corporation (as defined in section 1361(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 1361(a)(1)]) for which 100 percent of the outstanding stock is held through an employee stock ownership plan (as defined in section 4975(e)(7) of such Code [26 U.S.C. 4975(e)(7)]).

"(b) Pilot Program to Use Noncompetitive Procedures for Certain Follow-on Contracts to Qualified Businesses Wholly-Owned Through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan.—

"(1) Establishment.—The Secretary of Defense may establish a pilot program and prescribe regulations to carry out the requirements of this section.

"(2) Follow-on contracts.—Notwithstanding the requirements of section 2304 of title 10, United States Code [see 10 U.S.C. 3201 et seq.], and with respect to a follow-on contract for the continued development, production, or provision of products or services that are the same as or substantially similar to the products or services procured by or for the Department of Defense under a prior contract held by a qualified business wholly-owned through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan, the products or services to be procured under the follow-on contract may be procured by or for the Department of Defense through procedures other than competitive procedures if the performance of the qualified business wholly-owned through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan on the prior contract was rated as satisfactory (or the equivalent) or better in the applicable past performance database.

"(3) Limitation.—Each contract held by a qualified business wholly-owned through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan may have a single opportunity for award of a sole-source follow-on contract under this section, unless a senior contracting official (as defined in section 1737 of title 10, United States Code) approves a waiver of the requirements of this section.

"(c) Verification and Reporting of Qualified Businesses Wholly-owned Through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan.—Under a pilot program established under this section, the Secretary of Defense shall establish procedures—

"(1) for businesses to verify status as a qualified businesses wholly-owned through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan for the purposes of this section by using existing Federal reporting mechanisms;

"(2) for a qualified businesses wholly-owned through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan to certify that not more than 50 percent of the amount paid under the contract will be expended on subcontracts, except—

"(A) to the extent subcontracted amounts exceeding 50 percent are subcontracted to other qualified businesses wholly-owned through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan;

"(B) in the case of contracts for products, to the extent subcontracted amounts exceeding 50 percent are for materials not available from another qualified business wholly-owned through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan; or

"(C) pursuant to such necessary and reasonable waivers as the Secretary may prescribe; and

"(3) to record information on each follow-on contract awarded under subsection (b), including details relevant to the nature of such contract and the qualified business wholly-owned through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan that received such contract, and to provide such information to the Comptroller General of the United States.

"(d) Data.—

"(1) In general.—If the Secretary of Defense establishes a pilot program under this section, the Secretary shall establish mechanisms to collect and analyze data on the pilot program for the purposes of—

"(A) developing and sharing best practices relating to the pilot program;

"(B) providing information to leadership and the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] on the pilot program, including with respect to each qualified business wholly-owned through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan that received a follow-on contract under this section—

"(i) the size of such business;

"(ii) performance of the follow-on contract; and

"(iii) other information as determined necessary; and

"(C) providing information to leadership and the congressional defense committees on policy issues related to the pilot program.

"(2) Limitation.—The Secretary of Defense may not carry out the pilot program under this section before—

"(A) completing a data collection and reporting strategy and plan to meet the requirements of this subsection; and

"(B) submitting the strategy and plan to the congressional defense committees.

"(e) Sunset.—Any pilot program established under this section shall expire on the date that is eight years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021].

"(f) Comptroller General Report.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than three years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report on any individual and aggregate uses of the authority under a pilot program established under this section.

"(2) Elements.—The report under paragraph (1) shall include the following elements:

"(A) An assessment of the frequency and nature of the use of the authority under the pilot program.

"(B) An assessment of the impact of the pilot program in supporting the national defense strategy required under section 113(g) of title 10, United States Code.

"(C) The number of businesses that became qualified businesses wholly-owned through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan in order to benefit from the pilot program and the factors that influenced that decision.

"(D) Acquisition authorities that could incentivize businesses to become qualified businesses wholly-owned through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan, including an extension of the pilot program.

"(E) Any related matters the Comptroller General considers appropriate."

Modification of Justification and Approval Requirement for Certain Department of Defense Contracts

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VIII, §823, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1490, provided that:

"(a) Modification of Justification and Approval Requirement.—Notwithstanding section 811 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (Public Law 111–84; 123 Stat. 2405) [41 U.S.C. 3304 note]—

"(1) no justification and approval is required under such section for a sole-source contract awarded by the Department of Defense in a covered procurement for an amount not exceeding $100,000,000; and

"(2) for purposes of subsections (a)(2) and (c)(3)(A) of such section, the appropriate official designated to approve the justification for a sole-source contract awarded by the Department of Defense in a covered procurement exceeding $100,000,000 is the official designated in section 2304(f)(1)(B)(ii) of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3204(e)(1)(B)(ii)].

"(b) Guidance.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], the Secretary of Defense shall issue guidance to implement the authority under subsection (a).

"(c) Comptroller General Review.—

"(1) Data tracking and collection.—The Department of Defense shall track the use of the authority as modified by subsection (a) and make the data available to the Comptroller General for purposes of the report required under paragraph (2).

"(2) Report.—Not later than March 1, 2022, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit a report to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] on the use of the authority as modified by subsection (a) through the end of fiscal year 2021. The report shall include—

"(A) a review of the financial effect of the change to the justification and approval requirement in subsection (a) on the native corporations and businesses and associated native communities;

"(B) a description of the nature and extent of contracts excluded from the justification and approval requirement by subsection (a); and

"(C) other matters the Comptroller General deems appropriate."

§3205. Simplified procedures for small purchases

(a) Authorization.—In order to promote efficiency and economy in contracting and to avoid unnecessary burdens for agencies and contractors, the Federal Acquisition Regulation shall provide for—

(1) special simplified procedures for purchases of property and services for amounts not greater than the simplified acquisition threshold; and

(2) special simplified procedures for purchases of property and services for amounts greater than the simplified acquisition threshold but not greater than $5,000,000 with respect to which the contracting officer reasonably expects, based on the nature of the property or services sought and on market research, that offers will include only commercial products or commercial services.

(b) Prohibition on Dividing Contracts.—A proposed purchase or contract for an amount above the simplified acquisition threshold may not be divided into several purchases or contracts for lesser amounts in order to use the simplified procedures required by subsection (a).

(c) Promotion of Competition.—In using simplified procedures, the head of an agency shall promote competition to the maximum extent practicable.

(d) Compliance With Special Requirements of Federal Acquisition Regulation.—The head of an agency shall comply with the Federal Acquisition Regulation provisions referred to in section 1901(e) of title 41.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1811(d)(1), (9), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4166, 4170.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (g) of section 2304 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(9), was based on Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2723(a)(1)(C), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1187; Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(3)(A), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 281; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title VIII, §806(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1592; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §701(d)(2)(A), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1001(2), title IV, §4401(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3249, 3347; Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLII, §4202(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 652; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VIII, §850(f)(3)(B), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1850; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(12)(D), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3843; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §836(c)(2), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1864.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3205, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 173; Pub. L. 85–600, §1(3), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 522; Pub. L. 85–861, §1(60), (65), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1462, 1463; Pub. L. 95–551, §2, Oct. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 2069, prescribed authorized strength of Regular Army in commissioned officers on active list, exclusive of certain categories, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §202, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(9)(A), (C), inserted heading, struck out par. (1) designation before "In order to", and redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as pars. (1) and (2), respectively. Former pars. (2) to (4) redesignated subsecs. (b) to (d), respectively.

Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(9), redesignated subsec. (g) of section 2304 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(9)(B), (D), redesignated subsec. (a)(2) as (b), inserted heading, and substituted "subsection (a)" for "paragraph (1)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(9)(B), (E), redesignated subsec. (a)(3) as (c) and inserted heading.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(d)(9)(B), (F), redesignated subsec. (a)(4) as (d) and inserted heading.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3206. Planning and solicitation requirements

(a) Planning and Specifications.—

(1) Preparing for procurement.—In preparing for the procurement of property or services, the head of an agency shall—

(A) specify the agency's needs and solicit bids or proposals in a manner designed to achieve full and open competition for the procurement;

(B) use advance procurement planning and market research; and

(C) develop specifications in such manner as is necessary to obtain full and open competition with due regard to the nature of the property or services to be acquired.

(2) Requirements of specifications.—Each solicitation under chapter 137 legacy provisions shall include specifications which—

(A) consistent with the provisions of chapter 137 legacy provisions, permit full and open competition; and

(B) include restrictive provisions or conditions only to the extent necessary to satisfy the needs of the agency or as authorized by law.

(3) Types of specifications.—For the purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), the type of specification included in a solicitation shall depend on the nature of the needs of the agency and the market available to satisfy such needs. Subject to such needs, specifications may be stated in terms of—

(A) function, so that a variety of products or services may qualify;

(B) performance, including specifications of the range of acceptable characteristics or of the minimum acceptable standards; or

(b) Contents of solicitation.—In addition to the specifications described in subsection (a), a solicitation for sealed bids or competitive proposals (other than for a procurement for commercial products or commercial services using special simplified procedures or a purchase for an amount not greater than the simplified acquisition threshold) shall at a minimum include—

(1) a statement of—

(A) all significant factors and significant subfactors which the head of the agency reasonably expects to consider in evaluating sealed bids (including price) or competitive proposals (including cost or price, cost-related or price-related factors and subfactors, and noncost-related or nonprice-related factors and subfactors); and

(B) the relative importance assigned to each of those factors and subfactors; and

(2)(A) in the case of sealed bids—

(i) a statement that sealed bids will be evaluated without discussions with the bidders; and

(ii) the time and place for the opening of the sealed bids; or

(B) in the case of competitive proposals—

(i) either a statement that the proposals are intended to be evaluated with, and award made after, discussions with the offerors, or a statement that the proposals are intended to be evaluated, and award made, without discussions with the offerors (other than discussions conducted for the purpose of minor clarification) unless discussions are determined to be necessary; and

(ii) the time and place for submission of proposals.

(1) In general.—In prescribing the evaluation factors to be included in each solicitation for competitive proposals, the head of an agency—

(A) shall (except as provided in paragraph (3)) clearly establish the relative importance assigned to the evaluation factors and subfactors, including the quality of the product or services to be provided (including technical capability, management capability, prior experience, and past performance of the offeror);

(B) shall (except as provided in paragraph (3)) include cost or price to the Federal Government as an evaluation factor that must be considered in the evaluation of proposals; and

(i) significantly more important than cost or price;

(ii) approximately equal in importance to cost or price; or

(iii) significantly less important than cost or price.

(2) Restriction on implementing regulations.—The regulations implementing paragraph (1)(C) may not define the terms "significantly more important" and "significantly less important" as specific numeric weights that would be applied uniformly to all solicitations or a class of solicitations.

(3) Exceptions for certain multiple task or delivery order contracts.—If the head of an agency issues a solicitation for multiple task or delivery order contracts under section 3403(d)(1)(B) of this title for the same or similar services and intends to make a contract award to each qualifying offeror—

(A) cost or price to the Federal Government need not, at the Government's discretion, be considered under paragraph (1)(B) as an evaluation factor for the contract award; and

(B) if, pursuant to subparagraph (A), cost or price to the Federal Government is not considered as an evaluation factor for the contract award—

(i) the disclosure requirement of paragraph (1)(C) shall not apply; and

(ii) cost or price to the Federal Government shall be considered in conjunction with the issuance pursuant to section 3406(c) of this title of a task or delivery order under any contract resulting from the solicitation.

(4) Definition.—In paragraph (3), the term "qualifying offeror" means an offeror that—

(A) is determined to be a responsible source;

(B) submits a proposal that conforms to the requirements of the solicitation; and

(5) Exclusion of applicability to certain contracts.—Paragraph (3) shall not apply to multiple task or delivery order contracts if the solicitation provides for sole source task or delivery order contracts pursuant to section 8(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(a)).

(d) Additional Information in Solicitation.—Nothing in this section prohibits an agency from—

(1) providing additional information in a solicitation, including numeric weights for all evaluation factors and subfactors on a case-by-case basis; or

(2) stating in a solicitation that award will be made to the offeror that meets the solicitation's mandatory requirements at the lowest cost or price.

(e) Limitation on Evaluation of Purchase Options.—The head of an agency, in issuing a solicitation for a contract to be awarded using sealed bid procedures, may not include in such solicitation a clause providing for the evaluation of prices for options to purchase additional property or services under the contract unless the head of the agency has determined that there is a reasonable likelihood that the options will be exercised.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1811(e), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4170; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(b)(4)(F), (d)(4), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2133, 2136.)

Codification

The text of subsec. (a) of section 2305 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(2)–(7), was based on Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2723(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1191; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §924(a)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783-153, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §924(a)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341-153; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §924(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3932, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title VIII, §802(a)–(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1588, 1589; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1011, 1012, title IV, §4401(b), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3254, 3255, 3347; Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLII, §4202(a)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 653; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §825(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2279; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §836(c)(3)(A), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1864.

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3206, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 173; Pub. L. 85–155, title I, §101(4), Aug. 21, 1957, 71 Stat. 376; Pub. L. 90–130, §1(9)(A), (B), Nov. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 375, prescribed authorized strength of Regular Army Nurse Corps in commissioned officers on active list of Regular Army, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §202, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(2), transferred subsec. (a) of section 2305 of this title to this section and redesignated pars. (2) to (5) thereof as subsecs. (b) to (e), respectively.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(3)(A), (E)(i), inserted heading and redesignated subpars. (A) to (C) of par. (1) as pars. (1) to (3), respectively.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(3)(E), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(4)(F), redesignated par. (1)(A) as (1), inserted heading, redesignated cls. (i) to (iii) as subpars. (A) to (C), respectively, and realigned margins.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(3)(A), (B), (D), redesignated par. (1)(B) as (2), inserted heading, and realigned margin, redesignated cls. (i) and (ii) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, and substituted "chapter 137 legacy provisions" for "this chapter" in introductory provisions and in subpar. (A). Former par. (2) redesignated subsec. (b).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(d)(4), substituted "paragraphs (1) and (2)" for "subparagraphs (A) and (B)" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(3)(A), (C), (D), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(4)(F), redesignated par. (1)(C) as (3), inserted heading, and realigned margin and redesignated cls. (i) to (iii) as subpars. (A) to (C), respectively. Former par. (3) redesignated subsec. (c).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(2), (4), redesignated subsec. (a)(2) as (b), inserted heading, and substituted "subsection (a)" for "paragraph (1)" in introductory provisions, redesignated subpar. (A) and its cls. (i) and (ii) as par. (1) and subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, and redesignated subpar. (B), its cls. (i) and (ii), and each of their subcls. (I) and (II) as par. (2), subpars. (A) and (B), and cls. (i) and (ii), respectively.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(2), (5)(A), (B), redesignated subsec. (a)(3) as (c), inserted heading, redesignated subpars. (A) to (E) as pars. (1) to (5), respectively, and realigned margins.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(5)(A), (C), inserted heading, substituted "paragraph (3)" for "subparagraph (C)" in two places, redesignated cls. (i) to (iii) as subpars. (A) to (C), respectively, and, in subpar. (C) as redesignated, redesignated subcls. (I) to (III) as cls. (i) to (iii), respectively.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(5)(B), (D), redesignated par. (3)(B) as (2), inserted heading, and substituted "paragraph (1)(C)" for "clause (iii) of subparagraph (A)".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(5)(B), (E), redesignated par. (3)(C) as (3), inserted heading, and substituted "section 3403(d)(1)(B)" for "section 2304a(d)(1)(B)" in introductory provisions; redesignated cl. (i) as subpar. (A) and substituted "paragraph (1)(B)" for "clause (ii) of subparagraph (A)"; and redesignated cl. (ii) and its subcls. (I) and (II) as subpar. (B) and cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, and substituted "subparagraph (A)" for "clause (i)" in introductory provisions, "paragraph (1)(C)" for "clause (iii) of subparagraph (A)" in cl. (i), and "section 3406(c)" for "section 2304c(b)" in cl. (ii).

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(5)(B), (F), redesignated par. (3)(D) as (4), inserted heading, substituted "paragraph (3)" for "subparagraph (C)" in introductory provisions, and redesignated cls. (i) to (iii) as subpars. (A) to (C), respectively.

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(5)(B), (G), redesignated par. (3)(E) as (5), inserted heading, and substituted "Paragraph (3)" for "Subparagraph (C)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(2), (6), redesignated subsec. (a)(4) as (d), inserted heading, substituted "this section" for "this subsection" in introductory provisions, and redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as pars. (1) and (2), respectively.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(e)(2), (7), redesignated subsec. (a)(5) as (e) and inserted heading.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by section 1701(b)(4)(F) of Pub. L. 117–81 applicable as if included in the enactment of title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 as enacted, see section 1701(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and Effective Date note below.

Amendment by section 1701(d)(4) of Pub. L. 117–81 to take effect immediately after the amendments made by title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 have taken effect, see section 1701(a)(3) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and Effective Date note below.

Effective Date

Pilot Program To Use Alpha Contracting Teams for Complex Requirements

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VIII, §802, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1483, provided that:

"(a) In General.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall select at least 2, and up to 5, initiatives to participate in a pilot [program] to use teams that, with the advice of expert third parties, focus on the development of complex contract technical requirements for services, with each team focusing on developing achievable technical requirements that are appropriately valued and identifying the most effective acquisition strategy to achieve those requirements.

"(2) The Secretary shall develop metrics for tracking progress of the program at improving quality and acquisition cycle time.

"(b) Development of Criteria and Initiatives.—(1) Not later than February 1, 2020, the Secretary of Defense shall establish the pilot program and notify the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] of the criteria used to select initiatives and the metrics used to track progress.

"(2) Not later than May 1, 2020, the Secretary shall notify the congressional defense committees of the initiatives selected for the program.

"(3) Not later than December 1, 2020, the Secretary shall brief the congressional defense committees on the progress of the selected initiatives, including the progress of the initiatives at improving quality and acquisition cycle time according to the metrics developed under subsection (a)(2)."

§3207. Assessment before contract for acquisition of supplies is entered into

The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that before a contract for the delivery of supplies to the Department of Defense is entered into—

(1) when the appropriate officials of the Department are making an assessment of the most advantageous source for acquisition of the supplies (considering quality, price, delivery, and other factors), there is a review of the availability and cost of each item of supply—

(A) through the supply system of the Department of Defense; and

(B) under standard Government supply contracts, if the item is in a category of supplies defined under regulations of the Secretary of Defense as being potentially available under a standard Government supply contract; and

(2) there is a review of both the procurement history of the item and a description of the item, including, when necessary for an adequate description of the item, a picture, drawing, diagram, or other graphic representation of the item.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1811(f), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4173.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (c) of section 2305 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(f)(2), was based on Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1213(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2591.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3207, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 173; Pub. L. 85–155, title I, §101(5), Aug. 21, 1957, 71 Stat. 376; Pub. L. 90–130, §1(9)(C), (D), Nov. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 375, prescribed authorized strength of Army Medical Specialist Corps in commissioned officers on active list of Regular Army, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §202, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(f)(2), transferred subsec. (c) of section 2305 of this title to this section and struck out subsec. (c) designation at beginning.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Process for Enhanced Supply Chain Scrutiny

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VIII, §807, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1456, provided that:

"(a) Process.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2017], the Secretary of Defense shall establish a process for enhancing scrutiny of acquisition decisions in order to improve the integration of supply chain risk management into the overall acquisition decision cycle.

"(b) Elements.—The process under subsection (a) shall include the following elements:

"(1) Designation of a senior official responsible for overseeing the development and implementation of the process.

"(2) Development or integration of tools to support commercial due-diligence, business intelligence, or otherwise analyze and monitor commercial activity to understand business relationships with entities determined to be threats to the United States.

"(3) Development of risk profiles of products or services based on commercial due-diligence tools and data services.

"(4) Development of education and training curricula for the acquisition workforce that supports the process.

"(5) Integration, as needed, with intelligence sources to develop threat profiles of entities determined to be threats to the United States.

"(6) Periodic review and assessment of software products and services on computer networks of the Department of Defense to remove prohibited products or services.

"(7) Synchronization of the use of current authorities for making supply chain decisions, including section 806 of Public Law 111–383 (10 U.S.C. 2304 note) or improved use of suspension and debarment officials.

"(8) Coordination with interagency, industrial, and international partners, as appropriate, to share information, develop Government-wide strategies for dealing with significant entities determined to be significant threats to the United States, and effectively use authorities in other departments and agencies to provide consistent, Government-wide approaches to supply chain threats.

"(9) Other matters as the Secretary considers necessary.

"(c) Notification.—Not later than 90 days after establishing the process required by subsection (a), the Secretary shall provide a written notification to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives that the process has been established. The notification also shall include the following:

"(1) Identification of the official designated under subsection (b)(1).

"(2) Identification of tools and services currently available to the Department of Defense under subsection (b)(2).

"(3) Assessment of additional tools and services available under subsection (b)(2) that the Department of Defense should evaluate.

"(4) Identification of, or recommendations for, any statutory changes needed to improve the effectiveness of the process.

"(5) Projected resource needs for implementing any recommendations made by the Secretary."

§3208. Planning for future competition in contracts for major systems

(a) Development Contract.—

(1) Determining whether proposals are necessary.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that, in preparing a solicitation for the award of a development contract for a major system, the head of an agency consider requiring in the solicitation that an offeror include in its offer proposals described in paragraph (2). In determining whether to require such proposals, the head of the agency shall give due consideration to the purposes for which the system is being procured and the technology necessary to meet the system's required capabilities. If such proposals are required, the head of the agency shall consider them in evaluating the offeror's price.

(2) Contents of proposals.—Proposals referred to in the first sentence of paragraph (1) are the following:

(A) Proposals to incorporate in the design of the major system items which are currently available within the supply system of the Federal agency responsible for the major system, available elsewhere in the national supply system, or commercially available from more than one source.

(B) With respect to items that are likely to be required in substantial quantities during the system's service life, proposals to incorporate in the design of the major system items which the United States will be able to acquire competitively in the future.

(b) Production Contract.—

(1) Determining whether proposals are necessary.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that, in preparing a solicitation for the award of a production contract for a major system, the head of an agency consider requiring in the solicitation that an offeror include in its offer proposals described in paragraph (2). In determining whether to require such proposals, the head of the agency shall give due consideration to the purposes for which the system is being procured and the technology necessary to meet the system's required capabilities. If such proposals are required, the head of the agency shall consider them in evaluating the offeror's price.

(2) Contents of proposals.—Proposals referred to in the first sentence of paragraph (1) are proposals identifying opportunities to ensure that the United States will be able to obtain on a competitive basis items procured in connection with the system that are likely to be reprocured in substantial quantities during the service life of the system. Proposals submitted in response to such requirement may include the following:

(A) Proposals to provide to the United States the right to use technical data to be provided under the contract for competitive reprocurement of the item, together with the cost to the United States, if any, of acquiring such technical data and the right to use such data.

(B) Proposals for the qualification or development of multiple sources of supply for the item.

(c) Consideration of Factors as Objectives in Negotiations.—If the head of an agency is making a noncompetitive award of a development contract or a production contract for a major system, the factors specified in subsections (a) and (b) to be considered in evaluating an offer for a contract may be considered as objectives in negotiating the contract to be awarded. Such objectives may not impair the rights of prospective contractors or subcontractors otherwise provided by law.

(d) Items Developed Exclusively at Private Expense.—

(1) Limitation.—Whenever the head of an agency requires that proposals described in subsection (a)(2) or (b)(2) be submitted by an offeror in its offer, the offeror shall not be required to provide a proposal that enables the United States to acquire competitively in the future an identical item if the item was developed exclusively at private expense unless the head of the agency determines that—

(A) the original supplier of such item will be unable to satisfy program schedule or delivery requirements; or

(B) proposals by the original supplier of such item to meet the mobilization requirements are insufficient to meet the agency's mobilization needs.

(2) Evaluation.—In considering offers in response to a solicitation requiring proposals described in subsection (a)(2) or (b)(2), the head of an agency shall base any evaluation of items developed exclusively at private expense on an analysis of the total value, in terms of innovative design, life-cycle costs, and other pertinent factors, of incorporating such items in the system.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1811(g), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4173.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (d) of section 2305 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(g)(2)–(6) was based on Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1213(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2591; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VIII, §806, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2010.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3209, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 174; Pub. L. 85–861, §1(60), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1462; Pub. L. 90–130, §1(9)(E), Nov. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 375; Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, §820(c)(1), (2), Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1627, prescribed, with exception of Army Nurse Corps and Army Medical Specialist Corps, the authorized strength of each branch in commissioned officers on active list of Regular Army, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §202, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981.

A prior section 3210 was renumbered section 7110 of this title.

A prior section 3211, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 175; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(67), 72 Stat. 1463; Nov. 8, 1967, Pub. L. 90–130, §1(9)(F), 81 Stat. 375, prescribed authorized strength of Regular Army in officers in each regular grade on promotion lists set forth in section 3296 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §202, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981. See section 521 et seq. of this title.

A prior section 3212, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 175; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(68), 72 Stat. 1463; June 30, 1960, Pub. L. 86–559, §1(6), 74 Stat. 265; Nov. 8, 1967, Pub. L. 90–130, §1(9)(G), 81 Stat. 375; Dec. 12, 1980, Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §502(6), 94 Stat. 2909, related to temporary increases in authorized strength in grades of Army Reserve and Army National Guard of United States, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1662(a)(3), 1691, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988, 3026, effective Dec. 1, 1994. See section 12009 of this title.

Prior sections 3213 and 3214 were repealed by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §202, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981.

Section 3213, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 176, prescribed authorized strength of Regular Army in warrant officers on active list.

Section 3214, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 176; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(64), 72 Stat. 1463, prescribed authorized strength of Regular Army in enlisted members on active duty, exclusive of officer candidates.

A prior section 3215, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 176; Nov. 8, 1967, Pub. L. 90–130, §1(9)(H), 81 Stat. 375, authorized strength of Women's Army Corps of Regular Army in warrant officers on active list and in enlisted members on active duty to be prescribed by Secretary, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, §820(c)(3), Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1627.

A prior section 3216, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 176, prescribed authorized strength of Corps of Engineers in enlisted members on active duty, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §202, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981.

Prior sections 3217 to 3220 were repealed by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1662(a)(3), 1691, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988, 3026, effective Dec. 1, 1994.

Section 3217, added Pub. L. 85–861, §1(69)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1463, related to authorized strength of Army in reserve commissioned officers in active status. See section 12003 of this title.

Section 3218, added Pub. L. 85–861, §1(69)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1463; amended Pub. L. 96–107, title III, §302(a), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 806; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, §1234(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2059; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1061(a)(20)(B), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1473, related to authorized strength of Army in reserve general officers in active status. See section 12004 of this title.

Section 3219, added Pub. L. 85–861, §1(69)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1464, related to authorized strength of Army in reserve commissioned officers in active status in grades below brigadier general. See section 12005(a) of this title.

Section 3220, added Pub. L. 85–861, §1(69)(A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1464; amended Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, §820(c)(4), Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1627, related to distribution of reserve commissioned officers by Secretary of the Army. See section 12007 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(g)(2), redesignated subsec. (d) of section 2305 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section and redesignated pars. (2) to (4) thereof as subsecs. (b) to (d), respectively.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(g)(3), inserted subsec. heading, redesignated par. (1)(A) as (1), inserted par. heading, and substituted "paragraph (2)" for "subparagraph (B)", and redesignated par. (1)(B) and its cls. (i) and (ii) as par. (2) and subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, inserted par. heading, and substituted "paragraph (1)" for "subparagraph (A)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(g)(2), (4), redesignated subsec. (a)(2) as (b), inserted subsec. heading, redesignated subpar. (A) as par. (1), inserted par. heading, and substituted "paragraph (2)" for "subparagraph (B)", and redesignated subpar. (B) and its cls. (i) and (ii) as par. (2) and subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, inserted par. heading, and substituted "paragraph (1)" for "subparagraph (A)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(g)(2), (5), redesignated subsec. (a)(3) as (c), inserted heading, and substituted "subsections (a) and (b)" for "paragraphs (1) and (2)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–283, §1811(g)(2), (6), redesignated subsec. (a)(4) as (d), inserted subsec. heading, and substituted "subsection (a)(2) or (b)(2)" for "paragraph (1)(B) or (2)(B)" in introductory provisions; redesignated subpar. (A) and its cls. (i) and (ii) as par. (1) and subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, inserted par. heading, and realigned margins; and redesignated subpar. (B) as par. (2), inserted heading, realigned margin, and substituted "subsection (a)(2) or (b)(2)" for "paragraph (1)(B) or (2)(B)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

CHAPTER 222—INDEPENDENT COST ESTIMATION AND COST ANALYSIS

Sec.¹

3221.

Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation.

3222.

Independent cost estimate required before approval.

3223.

Director: review of cost estimates, cost analyses, and records of the military departments and Defense Agencies.

3224.

Director: participation, concurrence, and approval in cost estimation.

3225.

Discussion of risk in cost estimates.

3226.

Estimates for program baseline and analyses and targets for contract negotiation purposes.

3227.

Guidelines and collection method for acquisition of cost data.

¹ Editorially supplied.

§3221. Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation

(a) In General.—The Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation shall ensure that the cost estimation and cost analysis processes of the Department of Defense provide accurate information and realistic estimates of cost for the acquisition programs of the Department of Defense.

(b) Functions.—In carrying out the responsibility of the Director under subsection (a), the Director shall—

(1) prescribe, by authority of the Secretary of Defense, policies and procedures for the conduct of cost estimation and cost analysis for the acquisition programs of the Department of Defense;

(2) with respect to cost estimation in the Department of Defense in general and with respect to specific cost estimates and cost analyses to be conducted in connection with a major defense acquisition program or major subprogram under chapters 321, 324, and 325, subchapter I of chapter 322, and sections 3042, 4232, 4273, 4293, 4321, 4323, and 4328 of this title, provide guidance to and consult with—

(A) the Secretary of Defense;

(B) the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment;

(D) the Secretaries of the military departments; and

(E) the heads of the Defense Agencies;

(3) issue guidance relating to the proper discussion of risk in cost estimates generally, and specifically, for the proper discussion of risk in cost estimates for major defense acquisition programs and major subprograms;

(4) issue guidance relating to full consideration of life-cycle management and sustainability costs in major defense acquisition programs and major subprograms;

(5) review all cost estimates and cost analyses conducted in connection with major defense acquisition programs and major subprograms;

(6) conduct or approve independent cost estimates and cost analyses for all major defense acquisition programs and major subprograms—

(A) in advance of—

(i) any decision to grant milestone approval pursuant to section 4251 or 4252 of this title;

(ii) any decision to enter into low-rate initial production or full-rate production;

(iii) any certification under section 4376 of this title;

(iv) any report under section 2445c(f) ¹ of this title; and

(v) any decision to enter into a contract in connection with a military construction project of a value greater than $500,000,000; and

(B) at any other time considered appropriate by the Director, upon the request of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, or upon the request of the milestone decision authority;

(7) periodically assess and update the cost indexes used by the Department to ensure that such indexes have a sound basis and meet the Department's needs for realistic cost estimation; and

(8) annually review the cost and associated information required to be included, by section 4351(c)(1) of this title, in the Selected Acquisition Reports required by that section.

(c) Staff.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation has sufficient professional staff of military and civilian personnel to enable the Director to carry out the duties and responsibilities of the Director under this chapter.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1812(a), (b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4174; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(c)(1), (d)(5), (o)(6)(A)(i), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2135, 2136, 2147; Pub. L. 117–263, div. B, title XXVIII, §2806(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2995.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 2445c of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(6)(A)(iv), was repealed by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §846(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2292.

Codification

The text of subsec. (a) of section 2334 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsecs. (a) and (b), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(b)(1), (2), was based on Pub. L. 111–23, title I, §101(b)(1), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1706; Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title VIII, §812(c)(1), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 808; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, §824(b), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 907; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §§842(a)(1), (2), (b)(1), (2), 846(3), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2288, 2289, 2292; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1081(a)(31), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1596; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(53), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1549.

The text of subsec. (h) of section 2334 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (c), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(b)(3), was based on Pub. L. 111–23, title I, §101(b)(1), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1706; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title X, §1077(a), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 998; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §842(a)(3), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2288.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3221, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 176, related to authorized strength of Army Reserve, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1662(a)(3), 1691, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988, 3026, effective Dec. 1, 1994. See section 12001 of this title.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (b)(6)(A)(v). Pub. L. 117–263 added cl. (v).

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(b)(1), transferred subsec. (a) of section 2334 of this title to this section.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(b)(1), (2)(A), designated second sentence of subsec. (a) as (b), inserted heading, and substituted "In carrying out the responsibility of the Director under subsection (a)," for "In carrying out that responsibility," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(d)(5), in introductory provisions, substituted "chapters 321, 324, and 325, subchapter I of chapter 322, and sections 3042, 4232, 4273, 4293, 4321, 4323, and 4328" for "chapter 144".

Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(b)(2)(B), struck out "provide guidance to and consult with the Secretary of Defense, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), the Secretaries of the military departments, and the heads of the Defense Agencies" before "with respect to cost estimation" and substituted "of this title, provide guidance to and consult with—" and subpars. (A) to (E) for "of this title;".

Subsec. (b)(6)(A)(i). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(b)(2)(C)(i), substituted "section 4251 or 4252" for "section 2366a or 2366b".

Subsec. (b)(6)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(b)(2)(C)(ii), substituted "section 4376" for "section 2433a".

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(b)(2)(D), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(o)(6)(A)(i), substituted "section 4351(c)(1)" for "section 2432(c)(1)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(c)(1), substituted "under this chapter" for "under this section".

Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(b)(3), redesignated subsec. (h) of section 2334 of this title as subsec. (c) of this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–263 applicable to contracts entered into on or after Dec. 23, 2022, see section 2806(c) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 2851 of this title.

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by section 1701(c)(1), (d)(5) of Pub. L. 117–81 to take effect immediately after the amendments made by title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 have taken effect, see section 1701(a)(3) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and Effective Date note below.

Amendment by section 1701(o)(6)(A)(i) of Pub. L. 117–81 applicable as if included in the enactment of title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 as enacted, see section 1701(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and Effective Date note below.

Effective Date

¹ See References in Text note below.

§3222. Independent cost estimate required before approval

(a) Requirement.— A milestone decision authority may not approve entering a milestone phase of a major defense acquisition program or major subprogram unless an independent cost estimate has been conducted or approved by the Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation and considered by the milestone decision authority that—

(1) for the technology maturation and risk reduction phase, includes the identification and sensitivity analysis of key cost drivers that may affect life-cycle costs of the program or subprogram; and

(2) for the engineering and manufacturing development phase, or production and deployment phase, includes a cost estimate of the full life-cycle cost of the program or subprogram.

(b) Regulations.—The regulations governing the content and submission of independent cost estimates required by section 3221 of this title shall require that the independent cost estimate of the full life-cycle cost of a program or subprogram include—

(1) all costs of development, procurement, military construction, operations and support, and trained manpower to operate, maintain, and support the program or subprogram upon full operational deployment, without regard to funding source or management control; and

(2) an analysis to support decisionmaking that identifies and evaluates alternative courses of action that may reduce cost and risk, and result in more affordable programs and less costly systems.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1812(a), (c), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4174, 4175.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (b) of section 2334 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(c), was based on Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §842(a)(4), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2288.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3222, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 176; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §502(7), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2909, related to authorized strength of Army Reserve, exclusive of members on active duty, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1662(a)(3), 1691, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988, 3026, effective Dec. 1, 1994. See section 12002(a) of this title.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(c)(1), (2)(A), (D), redesignated subsec. (b) of section 2334 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section, substituted "Requirement" for "Independent Cost Estimate Required Before Approval" in heading, struck out par. (1) designation before "A milestone", and redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as pars. (1) and (2), respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(c)(2)(B)–(D), redesignated subsec. (a)(2) as (b), inserted heading, substituted "section 3221 of this title" for "subsection (a)" in introductory provisions, and redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as pars. (1) and (2), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3223. Director: review of cost estimates, cost analyses, and records of the military departments and Defense Agencies

The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation—

(1) promptly receives the results of all cost estimates and cost analyses conducted by the military departments and Defense Agencies, and all studies conducted by the military departments and Defense Agencies in connection with such cost estimates and cost analyses, for major defense acquisition programs and major subprograms of the military departments and Defense Agencies; and

(2) has timely access to any records and data in the Department of Defense (including the records and data of each military department and Defense Agency and including classified and proprietary information) that the Director considers necessary to review in order to carry out any duties under this chapter.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1812(a), (d), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4174, 4175; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(c)(2), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2136.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (c) of section 2334 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(d), was based on Pub. L. 111–23, title I, §101(b)(1), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1706; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §842(a)(3), (b)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2288, 2289.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3223, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 176, related to authorized strength of Army Reserve in warrant officers, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1662(a)(3), 1691, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988, 3026, effective Dec. 1, 1994. See section 12008 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(d), transferred subsec. (c) of section 2334 of this title to this section and struck out subsec. (c) designation and heading "Review of Cost Estimates, Cost Analyses, and Records of the Military Departments and Defense Agencies" at beginning.

Par. (2). Pub. L. 117–81 substituted "under this chapter" for "under this section".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Effective Date

§3224. Director: participation, concurrence, and approval in cost estimation

The Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation may—

(1) participate in the discussion of any discrepancies between an independent cost estimate and the cost estimate of a military department or Defense Agency for a major defense acquisition program or major subprogram of the Department of Defense;

(2) comment on deficiencies in the methodology or execution of any cost estimate or cost analysis developed by a military department or Defense Agency for a major defense acquisition program or major subprogram;

(3) concur in the choice of a cost estimate within the baseline description or any other cost estimate (including the discussion of risk for any such cost estimate) for use at any event specified in section 3221(b)(6) of this title; and

(4) participate in the consideration of any decision to request authorization of a multiyear procurement contract for a major defense acquisition program or major subprogram.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1812(a), (e), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4174, 4175.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (d) of section 2334 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(e), was based on Pub. L. 111–23, title I, §101(b)(1), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1706; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §842(a)(3), (5), (b)(3), (4), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2288–2290.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3224, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 177, related to authorized strength of Army National Guard of United States, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1662(a)(3), 1691, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2988, 3026, effective Dec. 1, 1994. See section 12001 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(e)(1), (2)(A), transferred subsec. (d) of section 2334 of this title to this section and struck out subsec. (d) designation and heading "Participation, Concurrence, and Approval in Cost Estimation" at beginning.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(e)(2)(B), substituted "section 3221(b)(6) of this title" for "subsection (a)(6)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3225. Discussion of risk in cost estimates

The Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, and the Secretary of the military department concerned or the head of the Defense Agency concerned (as applicable), shall each—

(1) issue guidance requiring a discussion of risk, the potential impacts of risk on program costs, and approaches to mitigate risk in cost estimates for major defense acquisition programs and major subprograms;

(2) ensure that cost estimates are developed, to the extent practicable, based on historical actual cost information that is based on demonstrated contractor and Government performance and that such estimates provide a high degree of confidence that the program or subprogram can be completed without the need for significant adjustment to program budgets; and

(3) include the information required in the guidance under paragraph (1)—

(A) in any decision documentation approving a cost estimate within the baseline description or any other cost estimate for use at any event specified in section 3221(b)(6) of this title; and

(B) in the next Selected Acquisition Report pursuant to section 4351 of this title in the case of a major defense acquisition program or major subprogram, or the next quarterly report pursuant to section 2445c ¹ of this title in the case of a major automated information system program.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1812(a), (f), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4174, 4176; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(o)(6)(A)(ii), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2147.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(f)(1), (2)(A), transferred subsec. (e) of section 2334 of this title to this section and struck out subsec. (e) designation and heading "Discussion of Risk in Cost Estimates" at beginning.

Par. (3)(A). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(f)(2)(B), substituted "section 3221(b)(6) of this title" for "subsection (a)(6)".

Par. (3)(B). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(f)(2)(C), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(o)(6)(A)(ii), substituted "section 4351" for "section 2432".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Effective Date

¹ See References in Text note below.

§3226. Estimates for program baseline and analyses and targets for contract negotiation purposes

(a) Cost Estimates Developed for Specified Purposes Not to Be Used for Contract Negotiations or Obligation of Funds.—The policies, procedures, and guidance issued by the Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation in accordance with the requirements of section 3221 of this title shall provide that cost estimates developed for baseline descriptions and other program purposes conducted pursuant to subsection (b)(6) of such section are not to be used for the purpose of contract negotiations or the obligation of funds.

(b) Cost Estimates Developed for Specified Purposes Not to Be Used for Contract Negotiations or Obligation of Funds.—The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall, in consultation with the Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, develop policies, procedures, and guidance to ensure that cost analyses and targets developed for the purpose of contract negotiations and the obligation of funds are based on the Government's reasonable expectation of successful contractor performance in accordance with the contractor's proposal and previous experience.

(c) Program Manager and Contracting Officer.—The program manager and contracting officer for each major defense acquisition program and major subprogram shall ensure that cost analyses and targets developed for the purpose of contract negotiations and the obligation of funds are carried out in accordance with the requirements of subsection (a) and the policies, procedures, and guidance issued by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment under subsection (b).

(d) Availability of Excess Funds.—

(1) Funds that are made available for a major defense acquisition program or major subprogram in accordance with a cost estimate conducted pursuant to section 3221(b)(6) of this title, but are excess to a cost analysis or target developed pursuant to subsection (b), shall remain available for obligation in accordance with the terms of applicable authorization and appropriations Acts.

(2) Funds described in paragraph (1)—

(A) may be used—

(i) to cover any increased program costs identified by a revised cost analysis or target developed pursuant to subsection (b);

(ii) to acquire additional end items in accordance with the requirements of section 3069 of this title; or

(iii) to cover the cost of risk reduction and process improvements; and

(B) may be reprogrammed, in accordance with established procedures, only if determined to be excess to program needs on the basis of a cost estimate developed with the concurrence of the Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1812(a), (g), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4174, 4176.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (f) of section 2334 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(g), was based on Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, §811(3), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4263; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VIII, §833, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1506; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §842(a)(3), (b)(3), (6), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2288–2290; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(53), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1549.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(g)(1), (2)(A), (B), redesignated subsec. (f) of section 2334 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section, substituted "Cost Estimates Developed for Specified Purposes Not to Be Used for Contract Negotiations or Obligation of Funds" for "Estimates for Program Baseline and Analyses and Targets for Contract Negotiation Purposes" in heading, struck out par. (1) designation before "The policies,", and substituted "section 3221 of this title" for "subsection (a)" and "subsection (b)(6) of such section" for "subsection (a)(6)". Pars. (2), (3), (4), and (5) of subsec. (a) redesignated subsecs. (b), (c), (d)(1), and (d)(2), respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(g)(2)(C), redesignated subsec. (a)(2) as (b) and inserted heading.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(g)(2)(D), redesignated subsec. (a)(3) as (c), inserted heading, and substituted "The program manager" for "The Program Manager", "subsection (a)" for "paragraph (1)", and "subsection (b)" for "paragraph (2)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(g)(2)(E)(i), (iii), redesignated subsec. (a)(4) and (5) as (d)(1) and (2), respectively, inserted subsec. heading, and realigned margin of par. (2).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(g)(2)(E)(ii), substituted "section 3221(b)(6) of this title" for "subsection (a)(6)" and "subsection (b)" for "paragraph (2)".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(g)(2)(E)(iv), substituted "paragraph (1)" for "paragraph (4)" in introductory provisions, "subsection (b)" for "paragraph (2)" in subpar. (A)(i), and "section 3069" for "section 2308" in subpar. (A)(ii).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

§3227. Guidelines and collection method for acquisition of cost data

(a) Director of Cape to Develop Guidelines and Collection Method.—The Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation shall, in consultation with the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, develop policies, procedures, guidance, and a collection method to ensure that quality acquisition cost data are collected to facilitate cost estimation and comparison across acquisition programs.

(b) Applicability to Acquisition Programs in Amount Greater Than Specified Threshold.—The program manager and contracting officer for each acquisition program in an amount greater than $100,000,000, in consultation with the cost estimating component of the relevant military department or Defense Agency, shall ensure that cost data are collected in accordance with the requirements of subsection (a).

(c) Limitation on Waiver Authority.—The requirement under subsection (a) may be waived only by the Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1812(a), (h), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4174, 4177.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of subsec. (g) of section 2334 of this title, which was transferred to this section and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(h), was based on Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §842(a)(7), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2289; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(53), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1549.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3230, added Pub. L. 85–861, §1(69)(B), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1464, provided that members of Army who are detailed for duty with agencies of United States outside Department of Defense on a reimbursable basis not be counted in computing strengths under any law, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §202, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2878, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(h)(1), (2)(A), redesignated subsec. (g) of section 2334 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section, substituted "Director of Cape to Develop Guidelines and Collection Method" for "Guidelines and Collection of Cost Data" in heading, and struck out par. (1) designation before "The Director". Amendment striking heading was executed to reflect the probable intent of Congress notwithstanding error in formatting of text. Pars. (2) and (3) of subsec. (a) redesignated subsecs. (b) and (c), respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(h)(2)(B), redesignated subsec. (a)(2) as (b), inserted heading, and substituted "subsection (a)" for "paragraph (1)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, §1812(h)(2)(C), redesignated subsec. (a)(3) as (c), inserted heading, and substituted "subsection (a)" for "paragraph (1)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

CHAPTER 223—OTHER PROVISIONS RELATING TO PLANNING AND SOLICITATION GENERALLY

Sec.

3241.

Design-build selection procedures.

3242.

Supplies: economic order quantities.

3243.

Encouragement of new competitors: qualification requirement.

3244.

[Reserved].

3245.

[Reserved].

3246.

[Reserved].

3247.

Contracts: regulations for bids.

3248.

[Reserved].

3249.

Advocates for competition.

3250.

[Reserved].

3251.

[Reserved].

3252.

Requirements for information relating to supply chain risk.

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior chapter 223 "PLANNING AND SOLICITATION RELATING TO PARTICULAR ITEMS OR SERVICES", as added by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §801(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1827, and consisting of reserved section 3251, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1811(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4164.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(f)(4), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2139, added "[Reserved]" for item 3248 and struck out former item 3248 "Matters relating to reverse auctions".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Pilot Program To Analyze and Monitor Certain Supply Chains

Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title VIII, §856, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 345, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2023], the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall establish and carry out a pilot program to analyze, map, and monitor supply chains for up to five covered weapons platforms, under which the Under Secretary shall—

"(1) identify impediments to production and opportunities to expand the production of components of such a covered weapons platform;

"(2) identify potential risks to and vulnerabilities of suppliers for such covered weapons platforms and ways to mitigate such risks; and

"(3) identify critical suppliers for such covered weapons platforms.

"(b) Use of Tools.—The Under Secretary may use a combination of commercial tools and tools available to the Department of Defense to carry out the program established under this section, including artificial intelligence and machine learning tools to improve data analysis capabilities for such supply chains.

"(c) Annual Reports.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter until the date specified in subsection (d), the Under Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report containing—

"(1) a list of the vulnerabilities of the supply chains for each covered weapons platform selected under subsection (a), categorized by severity of threat or risk to deployment of such a platform;

"(2) for each vulnerability, a description of such vulnerability, whether such vulnerability has been resolved, and, if resolved, the time from identification to resolution; and

"(3) an assessment of any efficiencies achieved by addressing impediments to the supply chain.

"(d) Termination.—The authority to carry out the pilot program under this section shall terminate on January 1, 2028.

"(e) Covered Weapons Platform Defined.—In this section, the term 'covered weapons platform' means any weapons platform identified in the reports submitted under section 1251(d)(1) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 [Pub. L. 116–283] (10 U.S.C. 113 note)."

Pilot Program Relating to Semiconductor Supply Chain and Cybersecurity Collaboration Center

Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XV, §1513, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 543, provided that:

"(a) Establishment.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2023], the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Director of the National Security Agency, shall commence the conduct of a pilot program under which the Cybersecurity Collaboration Center of the National Security Agency may collaborate with, including by entering into contracts or other agreements with, eligible persons under subsection (c), for the purpose of assessing the feasibility and advisability of improving the cybersecurity of the semiconductor supply chain (in this section referred to as the 'pilot program').

"(b) Program Objectives.—Under the pilot program, the Secretary of Defense shall seek to improve the cybersecurity of the supply chain for the design, manufacturing, assembly, packaging, and testing of semiconductors, including through the following:

"(1) Improving the cybersecurity of processes for such design, manufacturing, assembly, packaging, and testing.

"(2) Protecting against cyber-driven intellectual property theft with respect to such design, manufacturing, assembly, packaging, and testing.

"(3) Reducing the risk of disruptions caused by cyberattacks to the supply chain for such design, manufacturing, assembly, packaging, and testing.

"(c) Eligibility.—A person is eligible to participate in the pilot program if such person—

"(1) directly supports the design, manufacturing, assembly, packaging, or testing of semiconductors within the United States; and

"(2) provides semiconductor components for the Department of Defense, any national security system (as such term is defined in section 3552(b) of title 44, United States Code), or the defense industrial base.

"(d) Briefings.—

"(1) Initial briefing.—

"(A) In general.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the appropriate congressional committees an initial briefing on the pilot program.

"(B) Elements.—The briefing under subparagraph (A) shall include the following:

"(i) A description of the status of the implementation of the pilot program.

"(ii) An identification of key priorities for the pilot program.

"(iii) An identification of any challenges to implementing the pilot program or impediments to participation in the pilot program by eligible persons under subsection (c).

"(2) Annual briefings.—

"(A) In general.—Not later than one year after the date of the initial briefing under paragraph (1), and annually thereafter until the date of termination under subsection (f), the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the appropriate congressional committees a briefing on the progress of the pilot program.

"(B) Elements.—Each briefing under subparagraph (A) shall include the following:

"(i) Recommendations for addressing relevant policy, budgetary, security, and legislative gaps to increase the effectiveness of the pilot program, including, with respect to the first briefing under such subparagraph, an assessment of the resources necessary for successful implementation of the pilot program.

"(ii) Recommendations for increasing participation in the pilot program by eligible persons under subsection (c).

"(iii) A description of any challenges encountered in carrying out the pilot program, including any concerns expressed by manufacturers of semiconductors or suppliers of semiconductor components.

"(iv) The findings of the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the National Security Agency, with respect to the feasibility and advisability of extending or expanding the pilot program.

"(v) Such other matters as the Secretary considers appropriate.

"(e) Termination.—The pilot program shall terminate on the date that is four years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2023].

"(f) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.—In this section, the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and

"(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate."

Quantifiable Assurance Capability for Security of Microelectronics

Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title II, §219, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2477, provided that:

"(a) Development and Implementation of Capability.—The Secretary of Defense shall develop and implement a capability for quantifiable assurance to achieve practical, affordable, and risk-based objectives for security of microelectronics to enable the Department of Defense to access and apply state-of-the-art microelectronics for military purposes.

"(b) Establishment of Requirements and Schedule of Support for Development, Test, and Assessment.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the Deputy Secretary of Defense shall, in consultation with the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, establish requirements and a schedule for support from the National Security Agency to develop, test, assess, implement, and improve the capability required by subsection (a).

"(2) National security agency.—The Director of the National Security Agency shall take such actions as may be necessary to satisfy the requirements established under paragraph (1).

"(3) Briefing.—Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and the Director of the National Security Agency shall jointly provide the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a briefing on the requirements and the schedule for support established under paragraph (1).

"(c) Assessment.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall assess whether the Department of Defense, to enable expanded use of unprogrammed application specific integrated circuits or other custom-designed integrated circuits manufactured by a supplier that is not using processes accredited by the Defense Microelectronics Activity for the purpose of enabling the Department to access commercial state-of-the-art microelectronics technology using risk-based quantifiable assurance security methodology, should—

"(A) seek changes to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations under subchapter M of chapter I of title 22, Code of Federal Regulations, and Department of Defense Instruction 5200.44 (relating to protection of mission critical functions to achieve trusted systems and networks); and

"(B) expand the use of unprogrammed custom-designed integrated circuits that are not controlled by such regulations.

"(2) Briefing.—Not later than April 1, 2023, the Secretary of Defense shall provide the congressional defense committees a briefing on the findings of the Secretary with respect to the assessment conducted under paragraph (1)."

Government-Industry-Academia Working Group on Microelectronics

Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title II, §220, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2478, provided that:

"(a) Establishment and Designation.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the Secretary of Defense shall establish a working group to facilitate coordination among industry, academia, and the Department of Defense on issues of mutual interest relating to microelectronics as described in subsection (c).

"(2) Designation.—The working group established under paragraph (1) shall be known as the 'Government-Industry-Academia Working Group on Microelectronics' (referred to in this section as the 'Working Group').

"(b) Composition.—The Working Group shall be composed of representatives of organizations and elements of the Department of Defense, industry, and academia.

"(c) Scope.—The Secretary shall ensure that the Working Group supports dialogue and coordination among industry, academia, and the Department of Defense on the following issues relating to microelectronics:

"(1) Research needs.

"(2) Infrastructure needs and shortfalls.

"(3) Technical and process standards.

"(4) Training and certification needs for the workforce.

"(5) Supply chain issues.

"(6) Supply chain, manufacturing, and packaging security.

"(7) Technology transition issues and opportunities.

"(d) Charter and Policies.—Not later than March 1, 2023, the Secretary of Defense shall develop a charter and issue policies for the functioning of the Working Group.

"(e) Administrative Support.—The joint federation of capabilities established under section 937 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 (Public Law 113–66; 10 U.S.C. 2224 note) shall provide administrative support to the Working Group.

"(f) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to allow the Department of Defense to provide any competitive advantage to any participant in the Working Group.

"(g) Sunset.—The provisions of this section shall terminate on December 31, 2030."

Risk Management for Department of Defense Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VIII, §860, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2734, provided that:

"(a) Risk Management for All Department of Defense Pharmaceutical Supply Chains.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall—

"(1) develop and issue implementing guidance for risk management for Department of Defense supply chains for pharmaceutical materiel for the Department;

"(2) identify, in coordination with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, supply chain information gaps regarding the Department's reliance on foreign suppliers of drugs, including active pharmaceutical ingredients and final drug products; and

"(3) submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report regarding—

"(A) existing information streams, if any, that may be used to assess the reliance by the Department of Defense on high-risk foreign suppliers of drugs;

"(B) vulnerabilities in the drug supply chains of the Department of Defense; and

"(C) any recommendations to address—

"(i) information gaps identified under paragraph (2); and

"(ii) any risks related to such reliance on foreign suppliers.

"(b) Risk Management for Department of Defense Pharmaceutical Supply Chain.—The Director of the Defense Health Agency shall—

"(1) not later than one year after the issuance of the guidance required under subsection (a)(1), develop and publish implementing guidance for risk management for the Department of Defense supply chain for pharmaceuticals; and

"(2) establish a working group—

"(A) to assess risks to the Department's pharmaceutical supply chain;

"(B) to identify the pharmaceuticals most critical to beneficiary care at military treatment facilities; and

"(C) to establish policies for allocating scarce pharmaceutical resources of the Department of Defense in case of a supply disruption."

Authority for Explosive Ordnance Disposal Units To Acquire New or Emerging Technologies and Capabilities

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title I, §142, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1320, provided that: "The Secretary of Defense, after consultation with the head of each military service, may provide to an explosive ordnance disposal unit the authority to acquire new or emerging technologies and capabilities that are not specifically provided for in the authorized equipment allowance for the unit, as such allowance is set forth in the table of equipment and table of allowance for the unit."

Annual Report on Military Working Dogs Used by the Department of Defense

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title III, §334, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1356, provided that:

"(a) Capacity.—The Secretary of Defense, acting through the Executive Agent for Military Working Dogs (hereinafter in this section referred to as the 'Executive Agent'), shall—

"(1) identify the number of military working dogs required to fulfill the various missions of the Department of Defense for which such dogs are used, including force protection, facility and check point security, and explosives and drug detection;

"(2) take such steps as are practicable to ensure an adequate number of military working dog teams are available to meet and sustain the mission requirements identified in paragraph (1);

"(3) ensure that the Department's needs and performance standards with respect to military working dogs are readily available to dog breeders and trainers; and

"(4) coordinate with other Federal, State, and local agencies, nonprofit organizations, universities, and private sector entities, as appropriate, to increase the training capacity for military working dog teams.

"(b) Military Working Dog Procurement.—The Secretary, acting through the Executive Agent, shall work to ensure that military working dogs are procured as efficiently as possible and at the best value to the Government, while maintaining the necessary level of quality and encouraging increased domestic breeding.

"(c) Annual Report.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2017], and annually thereafter until September 30, 2021, the Secretary, acting through the Executive Agent, shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report on the procurement and retirement of military working dogs for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during which the report is submitted. Each report under this subsection shall include the following for the fiscal year covered by the report:

"(1) The number of military working dogs procured, by source, by each military department or Defense Agency.

"(2) The cost of procuring military working dogs incurred by each military department or Defense Agency.

"(3) The number of domestically-bred and sourced military working dogs procured by each military department or Defense Agency, including a list of vendors, their location, cost, and the quantity of dogs procured from each vendor.

"(4) The number of non-domestically-bred military working dogs procured from non-domestic sources by each military department or Defense Agency, including a list of vendors, their location, cost, and the quantity of dogs procured from each vendor.

"(5) The cost of procuring pre-trained and green dogs for force protection, facility and checkpoint security, and improvised explosive device, other explosives, and drug detection.

"(6) An analysis of the procurement practices of each military department or Defense Agency that limit market access for domestic canine vendors and breeders.

"(7) The total cost of procuring domestically-bred military working dogs versus the total cost of procuring dogs from non-domestic sources.

"(8) The total number of domestically-bred dogs and the number of dogs from foreign sources procured by each military department or Defense Agency and the number and percentage of those dogs that are ultimately deployed for their intended use.

"(9) An explanation for any significant difference in the cost of procuring military working dogs from different sources.

"(10) An estimate of the number of military working dogs expected to retire annually and an identification of the primary cause of the retirement of such dogs.

"(11) An identification of the final disposition of military working dogs no longer in service.

"(d) Military Working Dog Defined.—For purposes of this section, the term 'military working dog' means a dog used in any official military capacity, as defined by the Secretary of Defense."

Strategy for Assured Access to Trusted Microelectronics

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title II, §231, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2059, as amended by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title II, §276, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3504, provided that:

"(a) Strategy.—The Secretary of Defense shall, in collaboration with the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, the Under Secretary for Research and Engineering, and the Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, develop a strategy to ensure that the Department of Defense has assured access to trusted microelectronics by not later than June 1, 2021.

"(b) Elements.—The strategy under subsection (a) shall include the following:

"(1) Definitions of the various levels of trust required by classes of Department of Defense systems.

"(2) Means of classifying systems of the Department of Defense based on the level of trust such systems are required to maintain with respect to microelectronics.

"(3) Means by which trust in microelectronics can be assured.

"(4) Means to increase the supplier base for assured microelectronics to ensure multiple supply pathways.

"(5) An assessment of the microelectronics needs of the Department of Defense in future years, including the need for trusted, radiation-hardened microelectronics.

"(6) An assessment of the microelectronic needs of the Department of Defense that may not be fulfilled by entities outside the Department of Defense.

"(7) The resources required to assure access to trusted microelectronics, including infrastructure, workforce, and investments in science and technology.

"(8) A research and development strategy to ensure that the Department of Defense can, to the maximum extent practicable, use state of the art commercial microelectronics capabilities or their equivalent, while satisfying the needs for trust.

"(9) Recommendations for changes in authorities, regulations, and practices, including acquisition policies, financial management, public-private partnership policies, or in any other relevant areas, that would support the achievement of the goals of the strategy.

"(10) An approach to ensuring the continuing production of cutting-edge microelectronics for national security needs, including access to state-of-the-art node sizes through commercial manufacturing, heterogeneous integration, advantaged sensor manufacturing, boutique chip designs, and variable volume production capabilities.

"(11) An assessment of current microelectronics supply chain management best practices, including—

"(A) intellectual property controls;

"(B) international standards;

"(C) guidelines of the National Institute of Standards and Technology;

"(D) product traceability and provenance; and

"(E) location of design, manufacturing, and packaging facilities.

"(12) An assessment of existing risks to the current microelectronics supply chain.

"(13) A description of actions that may be carried out by the defense industrial base to implement best practices described in paragraph (11) and mitigate risks described in paragraph (12).

"(14) A plan for increasing commercialization of intellectual property developed by the Department of Defense for commercial microelectronics research and development.

"(15) An assessment of the feasibility, usefulness, efficacy, and cost of—

"(A) developing a national laboratory exclusively focused on the research and development of microelectronics to serve as a center for Federal Government expertise in high-performing, trusted microelectronics and as a hub for Federal Government research into breakthrough microelectronics-related technologies; and

"(B) incorporating into such national laboratory a commercial incubator to provide early-stage microelectronics startups, which face difficulties scaling due to the high costs of microelectronics design and fabrication, with access to funding resources, fabrication facilities, design tools, and shared intellectual property.

"(16) The development of multiple models of public-private partnerships to execute the strategy, including in-depth analysis of establishing a semiconductor manufacturing corporation to leverage private sector technical, managerial, and investment expertise, and private capital, that would have the authority and funds to provide grants or approve investment tax credits, or both, to implement the strategy.

"(17) Processes and criteria for competitive selection of commercial companies, including companies headquartered in countries that are allies or partners with the United States, to provide design, foundry and assembly, and packaging services and to build and operate the industrial capabilities associated with such services.

"(18) The role that other Federal agencies should play in organizing and supporting the strategy, including any required direct or indirect funding support, or legislative and regulatory actions, including restricting procurement to domestic sources, and providing antitrust and export control relief.

"(19) All potential funding sources and mechanisms for initial and sustaining investments in microelectronics.

"(20) Such other matters as the Secretary of Defense determines to be relevant.

"(c) Submission and Updates.—(1) Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016], the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] the strategy developed under subsection (a). The strategy shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

"(2) Not later than two years after submitting the strategy under paragraph (1) and not less frequently than once every two years thereafter until September 30, 2024, the Secretary shall update the strategy as the Secretary considers appropriate to support Department of Defense missions.

"(d) Directive Required.—Not later than June 1, 2021, the Secretary of Defense shall issue a directive for the Department of Defense describing how Department of Defense entities may access assured and trusted microelectronics supply chains for Department of Defense systems.

"(e) Report and Certification.—Not later than June 1, 2021, the Secretary of the Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees—

"(1) a report on—

"(A) the status of the implementation of the strategy developed under subsection (a);

"(B) the actions being taken to achieve full implementation of such strategy, and a timeline for such implementation; and

"(C) the status of the implementation of the directive required by subsection (d); and

"(2) a certification of whether the Department of Defense has an assured means for accessing a sufficient supply of trusted microelectronics, as required by the strategy developed under subsection (a).

"(f) Submission.—Not later than June 1, 2021, the Secretary of Defense shall submit the strategy required in subsection (a), along with any views and recommendations and an estimated budget to implement the strategy, to the President, the National Security Council, and the National Economic Council.

"(g) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The term 'assured' refers, with respect to microelectronics, to the ability of the Department of Defense to guarantee availability of microelectronics parts at the necessary volumes and with the performance characteristics required to meet the needs of the Department of Defense.

"(2) The terms 'trust' and 'trusted' refer, with respect to microelectronics, to the ability of the Department of Defense to have confidence that the microelectronics function as intended and are free of exploitable vulnerabilities, either intentionally or unintentionally designed or inserted as part of the system at any time during its life cycle."

Use Of Lowest Price Technically Acceptable Source Selection Process

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §813, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2270, as amended by Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VIII, §822(a), (b)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1465; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VIII, §806(a)(1), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1485, provided that:

"(a) Statement of Policy.—It shall be the policy of the Department of Defense to avoid using lowest price technically acceptable source selection criteria in circumstances that would deny the Department the benefits of cost and technical tradeoffs in the source selection process.

"(b) Revision of Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement.—Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016], the Secretary of Defense shall revise the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement to require that, for solicitations issued on or after the date that is 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, lowest price technically acceptable source selection criteria are used only in situations in which—

"(1) the Department of Defense is able to comprehensively and clearly describe the minimum requirements expressed in terms of performance objectives, measures, and standards that will be used to determine acceptability of offers;

"(2) the Department of Defense would realize no, or minimal, value from a contract proposal exceeding the minimum technical or performance requirements set forth in the request for proposal;

"(3) the proposed technical approaches will require no, or minimal, subjective judgment by the source selection authority as to the desirability of one offeror's proposal versus a competing proposal;

"(4) the source selection authority has a high degree of confidence that a review of technical proposals of offerors other than the lowest bidder would not result in the identification of factors that could provide value or benefit to the Department;

"(5) the contracting officer has included a justification for the use of a lowest price technically acceptable evaluation methodology in the contract file;

"(6) the Department of Defense has determined that the lowest price reflects full life-cycle costs, including for operations and support;

"(7) the Department of Defense would realize no, or minimal, additional innovation or future technological advantage by using a different methodology; and

"(8) with respect to a contract for procurement of goods, the goods procured are predominantly expendable in nature, nontechnical, or have a short life expectancy or short shelf life.

"(c) Avoidance of Use of Lowest Price Technically Acceptable Source Selection Criteria in Certain Procurements.—To the maximum extent practicable, the use of lowest price technically acceptable source selection criteria shall be avoided in the case of a procurement that is predominately for the acquisition of—

"(1) information technology services, cybersecurity services, systems engineering and technical assistance services, advanced electronic testing, audit or audit readiness services, or other knowledge-based professional services;

"(2) personal protective equipment; or

"(3) knowledge-based training or logistics services in contingency operations or other operations outside the United States, including in Afghanistan or Iraq."

[Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VIII, §822(b)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1465, provided that: "The amendment made by this subsection [amending section 813 of Pub. L. 114–328, set out above] shall apply with respect to the second, third, and fourth reports submitted under [former] subsection (d) of section 813 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 Stat 2271; 10 U.S.C. 2305 note)."]

Use of Commercial or Non-Government Standards in Lieu of Military Specifications and Standards

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §875, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2310, as amended by Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(45), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1548, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the Department of Defense uses commercial or non-Government specifications and standards in lieu of military specifications and standards, including for procuring new systems, major modifications, upgrades to current systems, non-developmental and commercial items, and programs in all acquisition categories, unless no practical alternative exists to meet user needs. If it is not practicable to use a commercial or non-Government standard, a Government-unique specification may be used.

"(b) Limited Use of Military Specifications.—

"(1) In general.—Military specifications shall be used in procurements only to define an exact design solution when there is no acceptable commercial or non-Government standard or when the use of a commercial or non-Government standard is not cost effective.

"(2) Waiver.—A waiver for the use of military specifications in accordance with paragraph (1) shall be approved by either the appropriate milestone decision authority, the appropriate service acquisition executive, or the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment.

"(c) Revision to DFARS.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016], the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall revise the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement to encourage contractors to propose commercial or non-Government standards and industry-wide practices that meet the intent of the military specifications and standards.

"(d) Development of Non-government Standards.—The Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering shall form partnerships with appropriate industry associations to develop commercial or non-Government standards for replacement of military specifications and standards where practicable.

"(e) Education, Training, and Guidance.—The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall ensure that training, education, and guidance programs throughout the Department are revised to incorporate specifications and standards reform.

"(f) Licenses.—The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall negotiate licenses for standards to be used across the Department of Defense and shall maintain an inventory of such licenses that is accessible to other Department of Defense organizations."

Requirement and Review Relating to Use of Brand Names or Brand-Name or Equivalent Descriptions in Solicitations

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §888, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2322, as amended by Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(46), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1548, provided that:

"(a) Requirement.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that competition in Department of Defense contracts is not limited through the use of specifying brand names or brand-name or equivalent descriptions, or proprietary specifications or standards, in solicitations unless a justification for such specification is provided and approved in accordance with section 2304(f) of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3204(e)].

"(b) Review of Anti-competitive Specifications in Information Technology Acquisitions.—

"(1) Review required.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016], the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall conduct a review of the policy, guidance, regulations, and training related to specifications included in information technology acquisitions to ensure current policies eliminate the unjustified use of potentially anti-competitive specifications. In conducting the review, the Under Secretary shall examine the use of brand names or proprietary specifications or standards in solicitations for procurements of goods and services, as well as the current acquisition training curriculum related to those areas.

"(2) Briefing required.—Not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall provide a briefing to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives on the results of the review required by paragraph (1).

"(3) Additional guidance.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall revise policies, guidance, and training to incorporate such recommendations as the Under Secretary considers appropriate from the review required by paragraph (1)."

Matters Relating to Reverse Auctions

Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title VIII, §824, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3436, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 19, 2014], the Secretary of Defense shall clarify regulations on reverse auctions, as necessary, to ensure that—

"(1) single bid contracts may not be entered into resulting from reverse auctions unless compliant with existing Federal regulations and Department of Defense memoranda providing guidance on single bid offers;

"(2) all reverse auctions provide offerors with the ability to submit revised bids throughout the course of the auction;

"(3) if a reverse auction is conducted by a third party—

"(A) inherently governmental functions are not performed by private contractors, including by the third party; and

"(B) past performance or financial responsibility information created by the third party is made available to offerors; and

"(4) reverse auctions resulting in design-build military construction contracts specifically authorized in law are prohibited.

"(b) Training.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President of the Defense Acquisition University shall establish comprehensive training available for contract specialists in the Department of Defense on the use of reverse auctions.

"(c) Design-Build Defined.—In this section, the term 'design-build' means procedures used for the selection of a contractor on the basis of price and other evaluation criteria to perform, in accordance with the provisions of a firm fixed-price contract, both the design and construction of a facility using performance specifications supplied by the Secretary of Defense."

Consideration of Corrosion Control in Preliminary Design Review

Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title VIII, §852, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3458, as amended by Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(34), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1546, provided that: "The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall ensure that Department of Defense Instruction 5000.02 and other applicable guidance require full consideration, during preliminary design review for a product, of metals, materials, and technologies that effectively prevent or control corrosion over the life cycle of the product."

Detection and Avoidance of Counterfeit Electronic Parts

Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VIII, §818(a)–(g), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1493–1496, as amended by Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §833, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1844; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title VIII, §817, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3432; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, §885, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §815, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2271; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §812(b)(5), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1848, provided that:

"(a) Assessment of Department of Defense Policies and Systems.—The Secretary of Defense shall conduct an assessment of Department of Defense acquisition policies and systems for the detection and avoidance of counterfeit electronic parts.

"(b) Actions Following Assessment.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the [probably should be "this"] Act [Dec. 31, 2011], the Secretary shall, based on the results of the assessment required by subsection (a)—

"(1) establish Department-wide definitions of the terms 'counterfeit electronic part' and 'suspect counterfeit electronic part', which definitions shall include previously used parts represented as new;

"(2) issue or revise guidance applicable to Department components engaged in the purchase of electronic parts to implement a risk-based approach to minimize the impact of counterfeit electronic parts or suspect counterfeit electronic parts on the Department, which guidance shall address requirements for training personnel, making sourcing decisions, ensuring traceability of parts, inspecting and testing parts, reporting and quarantining counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts, and taking corrective actions (including actions to recover costs as described in subsection (c)(2));

"(3) issue or revise guidance applicable to the Department on remedial actions to be taken in the case of a supplier who has repeatedly failed to detect and avoid counterfeit electronic parts or otherwise failed to exercise due diligence in the detection and avoidance of such parts, including consideration of whether to suspend or debar a supplier until such time as the supplier has effectively addressed the issues that led to such failures;

"(4) establish processes for ensuring that Department personnel who become aware of, or have reason to suspect, that any end item, component, part, or material contained in supplies purchased by or for the Department contains counterfeit electronic parts or suspect counterfeit electronic parts provide a report in writing within 60 days to appropriate Government authorities and to the Government-Industry Data Exchange Program (or a similar program designated by the Secretary); and

"(5) establish a process for analyzing, assessing, and acting on reports of counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts that are submitted in accordance with the processes under paragraph (4).

"(c) Regulations.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2011], the Secretary shall revise the Department of Defense Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulation to address the detection and avoidance of counterfeit electronic parts.

"(2) Contractor responsibilities.—The revised regulations issued pursuant to paragraph (1) shall provide that—

"(A) covered contractors who supply electronic parts or products that include electronic parts are responsible for detecting and avoiding the use or inclusion of counterfeit electronic parts or suspect counterfeit electronic parts in such products and for any rework or corrective action that may be required to remedy the use or inclusion of such parts; and

"(B) the cost of counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts and the cost of rework or corrective action that may be required to remedy the use or inclusion of such parts are not allowable costs under Department contracts, unless—

"(i) the covered contractor has an operational system to detect and avoid counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts that has been reviewed and approved by the Department of Defense pursuant to subsection (e)(2)(B);

"(ii) the counterfeit electronic parts or suspect counterfeit electronic parts were provided to the covered contractor as Government property in accordance with part 45 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation or were obtained by the covered contractor in accordance with regulations described in paragraph (3); and

"(iii) the covered contractor discovers the counterfeit electronic parts or suspect counterfeit electronic parts and provides timely notice to the Government pursuant to paragraph (4).

"(3) Suppliers meeting anticounterfeiting requirements.—The revised regulations issued pursuant to paragraph (1) shall—

"(A) require that the Department and Department contractors and subcontractors at all tiers—

"(i) obtain electronic parts that are in production or currently available in stock from the original manufacturers of the parts or their authorized dealers, or from suppliers identified as suppliers that meet anticounterfeiting requirements in accordance with regulations issued pursuant to subparagraph (C) or (D) and that obtain such parts exclusively from the original manufacturers of the parts or their authorized dealers;

"(ii) obtain electronic parts that are not in production or currently available in stock from suppliers identified as suppliers that meet anticounterfeiting requirements in accordance with regulations issued pursuant to subparagraph (C) or (D); and

"(iii) obtain electronic parts from alternate suppliers if such parts are not available from original manufacturers, their authorized dealers, or suppliers identified as suppliers that meet anticounterfeiting requirements in accordance with regulations prescribed pursuant to subparagraph (C) or (D);

"(B) establish requirements for notification of the Department, and for inspection, testing, and authentication of electronic parts that the Department or a Department contractor or subcontractor obtains from any source other than a source described in clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A), if obtaining the electronic parts in accordance with such clauses is not possible;

"(C) establish qualification requirements, consistent with the requirements of section 2319 of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3243], pursuant to which the Department may identify suppliers that have appropriate policies and procedures in place to detect and avoid counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts; and

"(D) authorize Department contractors and subcontractors to identify and use additional suppliers that meet anticounterfeiting requirements, provided that—

"(i) the standards and processes for identifying such suppliers comply with established industry standards;

"(ii) the contractor or subcontractor assumes responsibility for the authenticity of parts provided by such suppliers as provided in paragraph (2); and

"(iii) the selection of such suppliers is subject to review, audit, and approval by appropriate Department officials.

"(4) Reporting requirement.—The revised regulations issued pursuant to paragraph (1) shall require that any Department contractor or subcontractor who becomes aware, or has reason to suspect, that any end item, component, part, or material contained in supplies purchased by the Department, or purchased by a contractor or subcontractor for delivery to, or on behalf of, the Department, contains counterfeit electronic parts or suspect counterfeit electronic parts report in writing within 60 days to appropriate Government authorities and the Government-Industry Data Exchange Program (or a similar program designated by the Secretary).

"(5) Construction of compliance with reporting requirement.—A Department contractor or subcontractor that provides a written report required under this subsection shall not be subject to civil liability on the basis of such reporting, provided the contractor or subcontractor made a reasonable effort to determine that the end item, component, part, or material concerned contained counterfeit electronic parts or suspect counterfeit electronic parts.

"(d) Inspection Program.—The Secretary of Homeland Security shall establish and implement a risk-based methodology for the enhanced targeting of electronic parts imported from any country, after consultation with the Secretary of Defense as to sources of counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts in the supply chain for products purchased by the Department of Defense.

"(e) Improvement of Contractor Systems for Detection and Avoidance of Counterfeit Electronic Parts.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2011], the Secretary of Defense shall implement a program to enhance contractor detection and avoidance of counterfeit electronic parts.

"(2) Elements.—The program implemented pursuant to paragraph (1) shall—

"(A) require covered contractors that supply electronic parts or systems that contain electronic parts to establish policies and procedures to eliminate counterfeit electronic parts from the defense supply chain, which policies and procedures shall address—

"(i) the training of personnel;

"(ii) the inspection and testing of electronic parts;

"(iii) processes to abolish counterfeit parts proliferation;

"(iv) mechanisms to enable traceability of parts;

"(v) the use of suppliers that meet applicable anticounterfeiting requirements;

"(vi) the reporting and quarantining of counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts;

"(vii) methodologies to identify suspect counterfeit parts and to rapidly determine if a suspect counterfeit part is, in fact, counterfeit;

"(viii) the design, operation, and maintenance of systems to detect and avoid counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts; and

"(ix) the flow down of counterfeit avoidance and detection requirements to subcontractors; and

"(B) establish processes for the review and approval of contractor systems for the detection and avoidance of counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts, which processes shall be comparable to the processes established for contractor business systems under section 893 of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 (Public Law 111–383; 124 Stat. 4311; 10 U.S.C. 2302 note [now 10 U.S.C. 3841 note prec.]).

"(f) Definitions.—In subsections (a) through (e) of this section:

"(1) The term 'covered contractor' has the meaning given that term in section 893(f)(2) of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011.

"(2) The term 'electronic part' means an integrated circuit, a discrete electronic component (including, but not limited to, a transistor, capacitor, resistor, or diode), or a circuit assembly."

[(g) Repealed. Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §812(b)(5), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1848.]

Contracts for Commercial Imaging Satellite Capacities

Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title I, §127, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4161, provided that:

"(a) Telescope Requirements Under Contracts After 2010.—Except as provided in subsection (b), any contract for additional commercial imaging satellite capability or capacity entered into by the Department of Defense after December 31, 2010, shall require that the imaging telescope providing such capability or capacity under such contract has an aperture of not less than 1.5 meters.

"(b) Waiver.—The Secretary of Defense may waive the limitation in subsection (a) if—

"(1) the Secretary submits to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] written certification that the waiver is in the national security interests of the United States; and

"(2) a period of 30 days has elapsed following the date on which the certification under paragraph (1) is submitted.

"(c) Continuation of Current Contracts.—The limitation in subsection (a) may not be construed to prohibit or prevent the Secretary of Defense from continuing or maintaining current commercial imaging satellite capability or capacity in orbit or under contract by December 31, 2010."

Pilot Program on Acquisition of Military Purpose Nondevelopmental Items

Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, §866(a)–(f), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4296–4298, as amended by Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title VIII, §814, Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 808; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(b)(1)(B), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3505; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, §892, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 952; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1051(p)(3), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1564; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §§1806(e)(3)(E), 1831(j)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4156, 4216, provided that:

"(a) Pilot Program Authorized.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense may carry out a pilot program to assess the feasability [sic] and advisability of acquiring military purpose nondevelopmental items in accordance with this section.

"(2) Scope of program.—Under the pilot program, the Secretary may enter into contracts for the acquisition of military purpose nondevelopmental items in accordance with the requirements set forth in subsection (b).

"(b) Contract Requirements.—Each contract entered into under the pilot program—

"(1) shall be a firm, fixed price contract, or a firm, fixed price contract with an economic price adjustment clause;

"(2) shall be in an amount not in excess of $100,000,000, including all options;

"(3) shall provide—

"(A) for the delivery of an initial lot of production quantities of completed items not later than nine months after the date of the award of such contract; and

"(B) that failure to make delivery as provided for under subparagraph (A) may result in the termination of such contract for default; and

"(4) shall be—

"(A) exempt from the requirement to submit certified cost or pricing data under chapter 271 of title 10, United States Code, and the cost accounting standards under chapter 15 of title 41, United States Code; and

"(B) subject to the requirement to provide data other than certified cost or pricing data for the purpose of price reasonableness determinations, as provided in section 3705 of title 10, United States Code.

"(c) Regulations.—If the Secretary establishes the pilot program authorized under subsection (a), the Secretary shall prescribe regulations governing such pilot program. Such regulations shall be included in regulations of the Department of Defense prescribed as part of the Federal Acquisition Regulation and shall include the contract clauses and procedures necessary to implement such program.

"(d) Program Assessment.—If the Secretary establishes the pilot program authorized under subsection (a), not later than four years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report setting forth the assessment of the Comptroller General of the extent to which the pilot program—

"(1) enabled the Department to acquire items that otherwise might not have been available to the Department;

"(2) assisted the Department in the rapid acquisition and fielding of capabilities needed to meet urgent operational needs; and

"(3) protected the interests of the United States in paying fair and reasonable prices for the item or items acquired.

"(e) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The term 'military purpose nondevelopmental item' means a nondevelopmental item that meets a validated military requirement, as determined in writing by the responsible program manager, and has been developed exclusively at private expense. For purposes of this paragraph, an item shall not be considered to be developed exclusively at private expense if development of the item was paid for in whole or in part through—

"(A) independent research and development costs or bid and proposal costs that have been reimbursed directly or indirectly by a Federal agency or have been submitted to a Federal agency for reimbursement; or

"(B) foreign government funding.

"(2) The term 'nondevelopmental item'—

"(A) has the meaning given that term in section 110 of title 41, United States Code; and

"(B) also includes previously developed items of supply that require modifications other than those customarily available in the commercial marketplace if such modifications are consistent with the requirement in subsection (b)(3)(A).

"(3) The term 'nontraditional defense contractor' has the meaning given that term in section 3014 of title 10, United States Code (as added by subsection (g)).

"(4) The terms 'independent research and developments costs' and 'bid and proposal costs' have the meaning given such terms in section 31.205–18 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

"(f) Sunset.—

"(1) In general.—The authority to carry out the pilot program shall expire on December 31, 2019.

"(2) Continuation of current contracts.—The expiration under paragraph (1) of the authority to carry out the pilot program shall not affect the validity of any contract awarded under the pilot program before the date of the expiration of the pilot program under that paragraph."

Publication of Notification of Bundling of Contracts of the Department of Defense

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VIII, §820, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2410, provided that:

"(a) Requirement to Publish Notification for Bundling.—A contracting officer of the Department of Defense carrying out a covered acquisition shall publish a notification consistent with the requirements of paragraph (c)(2) of subpart 10.001 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation on the website known as FedBizOpps.gov (or any successor site) at least 30 days prior to the release of a solicitation for such acquisition and, if the agency has determined that measurably substantial benefits are expected to be derived as a result of bundling such acquisition, shall include in the notification a brief description of the benefits.

"(b) Covered Acquisition Defined.—In this section, the term 'covered acquisition' means an acquisition that is—

"(1) funded entirely using funds of the Department of Defense; and

"(2) covered by subpart 7.107 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (relating to acquisitions involving bundling).

"(c) Construction.—

"(1) Notification.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter the responsibility of a contracting officer to provide the notification referred to in subsection (a) with respect to a covered acquisition, or otherwise provide notification, to any party concerning such acquisition under any other requirement of law or regulation.

"(2) Disclosure.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to require the public availability of information that is exempt from public disclosure under section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code, or is otherwise restricted from public disclosure by law or Executive order.

"(3) Issuance of solicitation.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to require a contracting officer to delay the issuance of a solicitation in order to meet the requirements of subsection (a) if the expedited issuance of such solicitation is otherwise authorized under any other requirement of law or regulation."

Small Arms Acquisition Strategy and Requirements Review

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title I, §143, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4381, as amended by Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(e)(1), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4374, provided that:

"(a) Secretary of Defense Report.—Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 14, 2008], the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report on the small arms requirements of the Armed Forces and the industrial base of the United States. The report shall include the following:

"(1) An assessment of Department of Defense-wide small arms requirements in terms of capabilities and quantities, based on an analysis of the small arms capability assessments of each military department.

"(2) An assessment of plans for small arms research, development, and acquisition programs to meet the requirements identified under paragraph (1).

"(3) An assessment of capabilities, capacities, and risks in the small arms industrial base of the United States to meet the requirements of the Department of Defense for pistols, carbines, rifles, and light, medium, and heavy machine guns during the 20 years following the date of the report.

"(4) An assessment of the costs, benefits, and risks of full and open competition for the procurement of non-developmental pistols and carbines that are not technically compatible with the M9 pistol or M4 carbine to meet the requirements identified under paragraph (1).

"(b) Competition for a New Individual Weapon.—

"(1) Competition required.—If the small arms capabilities based assessments by the Army identify gaps in small arms capabilities and the Secretary of the Army determines that a new individual weapon is required to address such gaps, the Secretary shall procure the new individual weapon using full and open competition as described in paragraph (2).

"(2) Full and open competition.—The full and open competition described in this paragraph is competition among all responsible manufacturers that—

"(A) is open to all developmental item solutions and non-developmental item solutions; and

"(B) provides for the award of a contract based on selection criteria that reflect the key performance parameters and attributes identified in a service requirements document approved by the Army.

"(c) Small Arms Defined.—In this section, the term 'small arms'—

"(1) means man-portable or vehicle-mounted light weapons, designed primarily for use by individual military personnel for anti-personnel use; and

"(2) includes pistols, carbines, rifles, and light, medium, and heavy machine guns."

Trusted Defense Systems

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title II, §254, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4402, as amended by Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(37), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1547; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1806(e)(2)(C), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4155, provided that:

"(a) Vulnerability Assessment Required.—The Secretary of Defense shall conduct an assessment of selected covered acquisition programs to identify vulnerabilities in the supply chain of each program's electronics and information processing systems that potentially compromise the level of trust in the systems. Such assessment shall—

"(1) identify vulnerabilities at multiple levels of the electronics and information processing systems of the selected programs, including microcircuits, software, and firmware;

"(2) prioritize the potential vulnerabilities and effects of the various elements and stages of the system supply chain to identify the most effective balance of investments to minimize the effects of compromise;

"(3) provide recommendations regarding ways of managing supply chain risk for covered acquisition programs; and

"(4) identify the appropriate lead person, and supporting elements, within the Department of Defense for the development of an integrated strategy for managing risk in the supply chain for covered acquisition programs.

"(b) Assessment of Methods for Verifying the Trust of Semiconductors Procured From Commercial Sources.—The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, in consultation with appropriate elements of the Department of Defense, the intelligence community, private industry, and academia, shall conduct an assessment of various methods of verifying the trust of semiconductors procured by the Department of Defense from commercial sources for use in mission-critical components of potentially vulnerable defense systems. The assessment shall include the following:

"(1) An identification of various methods of verifying the trust of semiconductors, including methods under development at the Defense Agencies, government laboratories, institutions of higher education, and in the private sector.

"(2) A determination of the methods identified under paragraph (1) that are most suitable for the Department of Defense.

"(3) An assessment of the additional research and technology development needed to develop methods of verifying the trust of semiconductors that meet the needs of the Department of Defense.

"(4) Any other matters that the Under Secretary considers appropriate.

"(c) Strategy Required.—

"(1) In general.—The lead person identified under subsection (a)(4), in cooperation with the supporting elements also identified under such subsection, shall develop an integrated strategy—

"(A) for managing risk—

"(i) in the supply chain of electronics and information processing systems for covered acquisition programs; and

"(ii) in the procurement of semiconductors; and

"(B) that ensures dependable, continuous, long-term access and trust for all mission-critical semiconductors procured from both foreign and domestic sources.

"(2) Requirements.—At a minimum, the strategy shall—

"(A) address the vulnerabilities identified by the assessment under subsection (a);

"(B) reflect the priorities identified by such assessment;

"(C) provide guidance for the planning, programming, budgeting, and execution process in order to ensure that covered acquisition programs have the necessary resources to implement all appropriate elements of the strategy;

"(D) promote the use of verification tools, as appropriate, for ensuring trust of commercially acquired systems;

"(E) increase use of trusted foundry services, as appropriate; and

"(F) ensure sufficient oversight in implementation of the plan.

"(d) Policies and Actions for Assuring Trust in Integrated Circuits.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 14, 2008], the Secretary of Defense shall—

"(1) develop policy requiring that trust assurance be a high priority for covered acquisition programs in all phases of the electronic component supply chain and integrated circuit development and production process, including design and design tools, fabrication of the semiconductors, packaging, final assembly, and test;

"(2) develop policy requiring that programs whose electronics and information systems are determined to be vital to operational readiness or mission effectiveness are to employ trusted foundry services to fabricate their custom designed integrated circuits, unless the Secretary specifically authorizes otherwise;

"(3) incorporate the strategies and policies of the Department of Defense regarding development and use of trusted integrated circuits into all relevant Department directives and instructions related to the acquisition of integrated circuits and programs that use such circuits; and

"(4) take actions to promote the use and development of tools that verify the trust in all phases of the integrated circuit development and production process of mission-critical parts acquired from non-trusted sources.

"(e) Submission to Congress.—Not later than 12 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 14, 2008], the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives]—

"(1) the assessments required by subsections (a) and (b);

"(2) the strategy required by subsection (c); and

"(3) a description of the policies developed and actions taken under subsection (d).

"(f) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The term 'covered acquisition programs' means an acquisition program of the Department of Defense that is a major system for purposes of section 3041 of title 10, United States Code.

"(2) The terms 'trust' and 'trusted' refer, with respect to electronic and information processing systems, to the ability of the Department of Defense to have confidence that the systems function as intended and are free of exploitable vulnerabilities, either intentionally or unintentionally designed or inserted as part of the system at any time during its life cycle.

"(3) The term 'trusted foundry services' means the program of the National Security Agency and the Department of Defense, or any similar program approved by the Secretary of Defense, for the development and manufacture of integrated circuits for critical defense systems in secure industrial environments."

Enhanced Authority To Acquire Products and Services Produced in Afghanistan

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §886, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 266, as amended by Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §842, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1845; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, §886(a), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 949, provided that:

"(a) In General.—In the case of a product or service to be acquired in support of military operations or stability operations in Afghanistan (including security, transition, reconstruction, and humanitarian relief activities) for which the Secretary of Defense makes a determination described in subsection (b), and except as provided in subsection (d), the Secretary may conduct a procurement in which—

"(1) competition is limited to products or services that are from Afghanistan;

"(2) procedures other than competitive procedures are used to award a contract to a particular source or sources from Afghanistan; or

"(3) a preference is provided for products or services that are from Afghanistan.

"(b) Determination.—A determination described in this subsection is a determination by the Secretary that—

"(1) the product or service concerned is to be used only by the military forces, police, or other security personnel of Afghanistan; or

"(2) it is in the national security interest of the United States to limit competition, use procedures other than competitive procedures, or provide a preference as described in subsection (a) because—

"(A) such limitation, procedure, or preference is necessary to provide a stable source of jobs in Afghanistan; and

"(B) such limitation, procedure, or preference will not adversely affect—

"(i) military operations or stability operations in Afghanistan; or

"(ii) the United States industrial base.

"(c) Products, Services, and Sources From Afghanistan.—For the purposes of this section:

"(1) A product is from Afghanistan if it is mined, produced, or manufactured in Afghanistan.

"(2) A service is from Afghanistan if it is performed in Afghanistan by citizens or permanent resident aliens of Afghanistan.

"(3) A source is from Afghanistan if it—

"(A) is located in Afghanistan; and

"(B) offers products or services that are from Afghanistan.

"(d) Exclusion of Items on the AbilityOne Procurement Catalog.—The authority under subsection (a) shall not be available for the procurement of any good that is contained in the procurement catalog described in section 8503(a) of title 41, United States Code, in Afghanistan if such good can be produced and delivered by a qualified nonprofit agency for the blind or a nonprofit agency for other severely disabled [sic] in a timely fashion to support mission requirements."

[Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §842(1), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1845, which directed amendment of section 886 of Pub. L. 110–181, set out above, by striking "Iraq or" in section heading, was executed by striking "Iraq and", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]

Prevention of Export Control Violations

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §890, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 269, as amended by Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title X, §1061(b)(6), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4613; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(f)(6), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4376, provided that:

"(a) Prevention of Export Control Violations.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 28, 2008], the Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations requiring any contractor under a contract with the Department of Defense to provide goods or technology that is subject to export controls under the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.] or the Export Administration Act of 1979 [50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.] (as continued in effect under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.]) to comply with those Acts and applicable regulations with respect to such goods and technology, including the International Traffic in Arms Regulations and the Export Administration Regulations. Regulations prescribed under this subsection shall include a contract clause enforcing such requirement.

"(b) Training on Export Controls.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that any contractor under a contract with the Department of Defense to provide goods or technology that is subject to export controls under the Arms Export Control Act or the Export Administration Act of 1979 (as continued in effect under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act) is made aware of any relevant resources made available by the Department of State and the Department of Commerce to assist in compliance with the requirement established by subsection (a) and the need for a corporate compliance plan and periodic internal audits of corporate performance under such plan.

"(c) Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 28, 2008], the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a report assessing the utility of—

"(1) requiring defense contractors (or subcontractors at any tier) to periodically report on measures taken to ensure compliance with the International Traffic in Arms Regulations and the Export Administration Regulations;

"(2) requiring periodic audits of defense contractors (or subcontractors at any tier) to ensure compliance with all provisions of the International Traffic in Arms Regulations and the Export Administration Regulations;

"(3) requiring defense contractors to maintain a corporate training plan to disseminate information to appropriate contractor personnel regarding the applicability of the Arms Export Control Act and the Export Administration Act of 1979; and

"(4) requiring a designated corporate liaison, available for training provided by the United States Government, whose primary responsibility would be contractor compliance with the Arms Export Control Act and the Export Administration Act of 1979.

"(d) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Export administration regulations.—The term 'Export Administration Regulations' means those regulations contained in parts 730 through 774 of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).

"(2) International traffic in arms regulations.—The term 'International Traffic in Arms Regulations' means those regulations contained in parts 120 through 130 of title 22, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations)."

Quality Control in Procurement of Ship Critical Safety Items and Related Services

Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title I, §130(a)–(c), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2110, provided that:

"(a) Quality Control Policy.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe in regulations a quality control policy for the procurement of the following:

"(1) Ship critical safety items.

"(2) Modifications, repair, and overhaul of ship critical safety items.

"(b) Elements.—The policy required under subsection (a) shall include requirements as follows:

"(1) That the head of the design control activity for ship critical safety items establish processes to identify and manage the procurement, modification, repair, and overhaul of such items.

"(2) That the head of the contracting activity for a ship critical safety item enter into a contract for the procurement, modification, repair, or overhaul of such item only with a source on a qualified manufacturers list or a source approved by the design control activity in accordance with section 2319 of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3243] (as amended by subsection (d)).

"(3) That the ship critical safety items delivered, and the services performed with respect to such items, meet all technical and quality requirements specified by the design control activity.

"(c) Definitions.—In this section, the terms 'ship critical safety item' and 'design control activity' have the meanings given such terms in subsection (g) of section 2319 of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3243(g)] (as so amended)."

Review and Demonstration Project Relating to Contractor Employees

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title VIII, §851, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2019, provided that:

"(a) General Review.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall conduct a review of policies, procedures, practices, and penalties of the Department of Defense relating to employees of defense contractors for purposes of ensuring that the Department of Defense is in compliance with Executive Order No. 12989 [8 U.S.C. 1324a note] (relating to a prohibition on entering into contracts with contractors that are not in compliance with the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.]).

"(2) In conducting the review, the Secretary shall—

"(A) identify potential weaknesses and areas for improvement in existing policies, procedures, practices, and penalties;

"(B) develop and implement reforms to strengthen, upgrade, and improve policies, procedures, practices, and penalties of the Department of Defense and its contractors; and

"(C) review and analyze reforms developed pursuant to this paragraph to identify for purposes of national implementation those which are most efficient and effective.

"(3) The review under this subsection shall be completed not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2004].

"(b) Demonstration Project.—The Secretary of Defense shall conduct a demonstration project in accordance with this section, in one or more regions selected by the Secretary, for purposes of promoting greater contracting opportunities for contractors offering effective, reliable staffing plans to perform defense contracts that ensure all contract personnel employed for such projects, including management employees, professional employees, craft labor personnel, and administrative personnel, are lawful residents or persons properly authorized to be employed in the United States and properly qualified to perform services required under the contract. The demonstration project shall focus on contracts for construction, renovation, maintenance, and repair services for military installations.

"(c) Demonstration Project Procurement Procedures.—As part of the demonstration project under subsection (b), the Secretary of Defense may conduct a competition in which there is a provision in contract solicitations and request for proposal documents to require significant weight or credit be allocated to—

"(1) reliable, effective workforce programs offered by prospective contractors that provide background checks and other measures to ensure the contractor is in compliance with the Immigration and Nationality Act; and

"(2) reliable, effective project staffing plans offered by prospective contractors that specify for all contract employees (including management employees, professionals, and craft labor personnel) the skills, training, and qualifications of such persons and the labor supply sources and hiring plans or procedures used for employing such persons.

"(d) Implementation of Demonstration Project.—The Secretary of Defense shall begin operation of the demonstration project required under this section after completion of the review under subsection (a), but in no event later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(e) Report on Demonstration Project.—Not later than six months after award of a contract under the demonstration project, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report setting forth a review of the demonstration project and recommendations on the actions, if any, that can be implemented to ensure compliance by the Department of Defense with Executive Order No. 12989.

"(f) Definition.—In this section, the term 'military installation' means a base, camp, post, station, yard, center, homeport facility for any ship, or other activity under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense, including any leased facility, which is located within any of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, or Guam. Such term does not include any facility used primarily for civil works, rivers and harbors projects, or flood control projects."

Quality Control in Procurement of Aviation Critical Safety Items and Related Services

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title VIII, §802(a)–(c), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1540, provided that:

"(a) Quality Control Policy.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe in regulations a quality control policy for the procurement of aviation critical safety items and the procurement of modifications, repair, and overhaul of such items.

"(b) Content of Regulations.—The policy set forth in the regulations shall include the following requirements:

"(1) That the head of the design control activity for aviation critical safety items establish processes to identify and manage the procurement, modification, repair, and overhaul of aviation critical safety items.

"(2) That the head of the contracting activity for an aviation critical safety item enter into a contract for the procurement, modification, repair, or overhaul of such item only with a source approved by the design control activity in accordance with section 2319 of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3243].

"(3) That the aviation critical safety items delivered, and the services performed with respect to aviation critical safety items, meet all technical and quality requirements specified by the design control activity.

"(c) Definitions.—In this section, the terms 'aviation critical safety item' and 'design control activity' have the meanings given such terms in section 2319(g) of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3243(g)], as amended by subsection (d)."

Procurement of Environmentally Preferable Procurement Items

Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title III, §314, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2508, as amended by Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, §1056(e)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440, provided that:

"(a) Tracking System.—The Secretary of Defense shall develop and implement an effective and efficient tracking system to identify the extent to which the Defense Logistics Agency procures environmentally preferable procurement items or procurement items made with recovered material. The system shall provide for the separate tracking, to the maximum extent practicable, of the procurement of each category of procurement items that, as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 2, 2002], has been determined to be environmentally preferable or made with recovered material.

"(b) Assessment of Training and Education.—The Secretary of Defense shall assess the need to establish a program, or enhance existing programs, for training and educating Department of Defense procurement officials to ensure that they are aware of any Department requirements, preferences, or goals for the procurement of environmentally preferable procurement items or procurement items made with recovered material.

"(c) Reporting Requirement.—Not later than March 1, 2004, and each March 1 thereafter through 2007, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a report detailing the results obtained from the tracking system developed under subsection (a).

"(d) Relation to Other Laws.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter the requirements of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.).

"(e) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The term 'environmentally preferable', in the case of a procurement item, means that the item has a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products that serve the same purpose. The comparison may consider raw materials acquisition, production, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, reuse, operation, maintenance, or disposal of the product.

"(2) The terms 'procurement item' and 'recovered material' have the meanings given such terms in section 1004 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6903)."

Requirement To Disregard Certain Agreements in Awarding Contracts for Purchase of Firearms or Ammunition

Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title VIII, §826], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-220, provided that: "In accordance with the requirements contained in the amendments enacted in the Competition in Contracting Act of 1984 (title VII of division B of Public Law 98–369; 98 Stat. 1175) [see Tables for classification], the Secretary of Defense may not, in awarding a contract for the purchase of firearms or ammunition, take into account whether a manufacturer or vendor of firearms or ammunition is a party to an agreement under which the manufacturer or vendor agrees to adopt limitations with respect to importing, manufacturing, or dealing in firearms or ammunition in the commercial market."

Procurement of Conventional Ammunition

Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VIII, §806, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2084, provided that:

"(a) Authority.—The official in the Department of Defense designated as the single manager for conventional ammunition in the Department shall have the authority to restrict the procurement of conventional ammunition to sources within the national technology and industrial base in accordance with the authority in section 2304(c) of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3204(a)].

"(b) Requirement.—The official in the Department of Defense designated as the single manager for conventional ammunition in the Department of Defense shall limit a specific procurement of ammunition to sources within the national technology and industrial base in accordance with section 2304(c)(3) of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3204(a)(3)], in any case in which that manager determines that such limitation is necessary to maintain a facility, producer, manufacturer, or other supplier available for furnishing an essential item of ammunition or ammunition component in cases of national emergency or to achieve industrial mobilization.

"(c) Conventional Ammunition Defined.—For purposes of this section, the term 'conventional ammunition' has the meaning given that term in Department of Defense Directive 5160.65, dated March 8, 1995."

Fighter Aircraft Engine Warranty

Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(c) [title VII, §797], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1865, provided that: "None of the funds made available in the Act or any subsequent Act shall be available for the purchase of the alternate or new model fighter aircraft engine that does not have a written warranty or guarantee attesting that it will perform not less than 3,000 tactical cycles. The warranty will provide that the manufacturer must perform the necessary improvements or replace any parts to achieve the required performance at no cost to the Government."

§3241. Design-build selection procedures

(a) Authorization.—Unless the traditional acquisition approach of design-bid-build established under chapter 11 of title 40 is used or another acquisition procedure authorized by law is used, the head of an agency shall use the two-phase selection procedures authorized in this section for entering into a contract for the design and construction of a public building, facility, or work when a determination is made under subsection (b) that the procedures are appropriate for use.

(b) Criteria for Use.—A contracting officer shall make a determination whether two-phase selection procedures are appropriate for use for entering into a contract for the design and construction of a public building, facility, or work when—

(1) the contracting officer anticipates that three or more offers will be received for such contract;

(2) design work must be performed before an offeror can develop a price or cost proposal for such contract;

(3) the offeror will incur a substantial amount of expense in preparing the offer; and

(4) the contracting officer has considered information such as the following:

(A) The extent to which the project requirements have been adequately defined.

(B) The time constraints for delivery of the project.

(D) The suitability of the project for use of the two-phase selection procedures.

(E) The capability of the agency to manage the two-phase selection process.

(F) Other criteria established by the agency.

(1) Development of scope of work statement.—The agency develops, either in-house or by contract, a scope of work statement for inclusion in the solicitation that defines the project and provides prospective offerors with sufficient information regarding the Government's requirements (which may include criteria and preliminary design, budget parameters, and schedule or delivery requirements) to enable the offerors to submit proposals which meet the Government's needs. If the agency contracts for development of the scope of work statement, the agency shall contract for architectural and engineering services as defined by and in accordance with chapter 11 of title 40.

(2) Solicitation of phase-one proposals.—The contracting officer solicits phase-one proposals that—

(A) include information on the offeror's—

(i) technical approach; and

(ii) technical qualifications; and

(B) do not include—

(i) detailed design information; or

(ii) cost or price information.

(3) Evaluation factors.—

(A) Evaluation factors to be used.—The evaluation factors to be used in evaluating phase-one proposals are stated in the solicitation and include—

(i) specialized experience and technical competence;

(ii) capability to perform;

(iii) past performance of the offeror's team (including the architect-engineer and construction members of the team); and

(iv) other appropriate factors, except that cost-related or price-related evaluation factors are not permitted.

(B) Relative importance of evaluation factors and subfactors.—Each solicitation establishes the relative importance assigned to the evaluation factors and subfactors that must be considered in the evaluation of phase-one proposals.

(C) Evaluation of proposals.—The agency evaluates phase-one proposals on the basis of the phase-one evaluation factors set forth in the solicitation.

(4) Selection by contracting officer.—

(A) Number of offerors selected and what is to be evaluated.—The contracting officer selects as the most highly qualified the number of offerors specified in the solicitation to provide the property or services under the contract and requests the selected offerors to submit phase-two competitive proposals that include technical proposals and cost or price information. Each solicitation establishes with respect to phase two—

(i) the technical submission for the proposal, including design concepts or proposed solutions to requirements addressed within the scope of work (or both), and

(ii) the evaluation factors and subfactors, including cost or price, that must be considered in the evaluations of proposals in accordance with subsections (b), (c), and (d) of section 3206 of this title.

(B) The contracting officer separately evaluates the submissions described in clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A).

(5) Awarding of contract.—The agency awards the contract in accordance with section 3303 of this title.

(d) Solicitation to State Number of Offerors To Be Selected for Phase Two Requests for Competitive Proposals.—A solicitation issued pursuant to the procedures described in subsection (c) shall state the maximum number of offerors that are to be selected to submit competitive proposals pursuant to subsection (c)(4). If the contract value exceeds $4,000,000, the maximum number specified in the solicitation shall not exceed 5 unless—

(1) the solicitation is issued pursuant to an indefinite delivery-indefinite quantity contract for design-build construction; or

(2)(A) the head of the contracting activity, delegable to a level no lower than the senior contracting official within the contracting activity, approves the contracting officer's justification with respect to an individual solicitation that a maximum number greater than 5 is in the interest of the Federal Government; and

(B) the contracting officer provides written documentation of how a maximum number greater than 5 is consistent with the purposes and objectives of the two-phase selection procedures.

(e) Requirement for Guidance and Regulations.—The Federal Acquisition Regulation shall include guidance—

(1) regarding the factors that may be considered in determining whether the two-phase contracting procedures authorized by subsection (a) are appropriate for use in individual contracting situations;

(2) regarding the factors that may be used in selecting contractors; and

(3) providing for a uniform approach to be used Government-wide.

(f) Special Authority for Military Construction Projects.—(1) The Secretary of a military department may use funds available to the Secretary under section 2807(a) or 18233(e) of this title to accelerate the design effort in connection with a military construction project for which the two-phase selection procedures described in subsection (c) are used to select the contractor for both the design and construction portion of the project before the project is specifically authorized by law and before funds are appropriated for the construction portion of the project. Notwithstanding the limitations contained in such sections, use of such funds for the design portion of a military construction project may continue despite the subsequent authorization of the project. The advance notice requirement of section 2807(b) of this title shall continue to apply whenever the estimated cost of the design portion of the project exceeds the amount specified in such section.

(2) Any military construction contract that provides for an accelerated design effort, as authorized by paragraph (1), shall include as a condition of the contract that the liability of the United States in a termination for convenience before funds are first made available for construction may not exceed an amount attributable to the final design of the project.

(3) For each fiscal year during which the authority provided by this subsection is in effect, the Secretary of a military department may select not more than two military construction projects to include the accelerated design effort authorized by paragraph (1) for each armed force under the jurisdiction of the Secretary. To be eligible for selection under this subsection, a request for the authorization of the project, and for the authorization of appropriations for the project, must have been included in the annual budget of the President for a fiscal year submitted to Congress under section 1105(a) of title 31.

(4) Not later than March 1, 2008, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report evaluating the usefulness of the authority provided by this subsection in expediting the design and construction of military construction projects. The authority provided by this subsection expires September 30, 2008, except that, if the report required by this paragraph is not submitted by March 1, 2008, the authority shall expire on that date.

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLI, §4105(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 645, §2305a; amended Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(a)(44), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1902; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(b)(4), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1295; Pub. L. 108–178, §4(b)(3), Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2641; Pub. L. 108–375, div. B, title XXVIII, §2807, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2123; Pub. L. 109–163, div. B, title XXVIII, §2807, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3508; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title VIII, §814, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3430; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VIII, §823, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1465; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XVII, §1731(a)(38), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1814; renumbered §3241 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1813(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4177.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(b), renumbered section 2305a of this title as this section.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(b)(1), inserted dash after "or work when", reorganized remainder of former introductory provisions of subsec. (b) into designated pars. (1) to (4), and redesignated former pars. (1) to (6) as subpars. (A) to (F), respectively, of par. (4) and realigned margins.

Subsec. (c)(1), (2). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(b)(2)(A), (B), inserted headings.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(b)(2)(C)(i), (ii), inserted par. heading, designated first, second, and third sentences of existing provisions as subpars. (A), (B), and (C), respectively, and inserted subpar. headings.

Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(b)(2)(C)(iii), inserted dash after "and include—" and reorganized remainder of subpar. (A) into designated cls. (i) to (iv).

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(b)(2)(D)(i), (ii), (iv), inserted par. heading, designated first sentence as subpar. (A), inserted subpar. heading, and redesignated former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, and designated concluding provisions as subpar. (B) and realigned margin.

Subsec. (c)(4)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(b)(2)(D)(iii), substituted "subsections (b), (c), and (d) of section 3206" for "paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of section 2305(a)".

Subsec. (c)(4)(B). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(b)(2)(D)(v), substituted "clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A)" for "subparagraphs (A) and (B)".

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(b)(2)(E), inserted heading and substituted "section 3303" for "section 2305(b)(4)".

2019—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted "an indefinite" for "a indefinite".

2017—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–91 substituted "If the contract value exceeds $4,000,000, the maximum number specified in the solicitation shall not exceed 5 unless—" and pars. (1) and (2) for "If the contract value exceeds $4,000,000, the maximum number specified in the solicitation shall not exceed 5 unless the head of the contracting activity, delegable to a level no lower than the senior contracting official within the contracting activity, approves the contracting officer's justification with respect to an individual solicitation that a number greater than 5 is in the Federal Government's interest. The contracting officer shall provide written documentation of how a maximum number exceeding 5 is consistent with the purposes and objectives of the two-phase selection procedures."

2014—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–291 substituted "If the contract value exceeds $4,000,000, the maximum number specified in the solicitation shall not exceed 5 unless the head of the contracting activity, delegable to a level no lower than the senior contracting official within the contracting activity, approves the contracting officer's justification with respect to an individual solicitation that a number greater than 5 is in the Federal Government's interest. The contracting officer shall provide written documentation of how a maximum number exceeding 5 is consistent with the purposes and objectives of the two-phase selection procedures." for "The maximum number specified in the solicitation shall not exceed 5 unless the agency determines with respect to an individual solicitation that a specified number greater than 5 is in the Government's interest and is consistent with the purposes and objectives of the two-phase selection process."

2006—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 109–163, §2807(a), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "Any military construction contract that provides for an accelerated design effort, as authorized by paragraph (1), shall include as a condition of the contract that the liability of the United States in a termination for convenience may not exceed the actual costs incurred as of the termination date."

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 109–163, §2807(b), substituted "2008" for "2007" wherever appearing.

2004—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 108–375 added subsec. (f).

2003—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 108–178 substituted "chapter 11 of title 40" for "the Brooks Architect-Engineers Act (40 U.S.C. 541 et seq.)".

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted "chapter 11 of title 40" for "the Brooks Architect-Engineers Act (40 U.S.C. 541 et seq.)".

1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted "(40 U.S.C." for "(41 U.S.C.".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–178 effective Aug. 21, 2002, see section 5 of Pub. L. 108–178, set out as a note under section 5334 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date

For effective date and applicability of section, see section 4401 of Pub. L. 104–106, set out as an Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under section 2220 of this title.

§3242. Supplies: economic order quantities

(a) Quantity to Procure.—

(1) An agency referred to in section 3063 of this title shall procure supplies in such quantity as—

(A) will result in the total cost and unit cost most advantageous to the United States, where practicable; and

(B) does not exceed the quantity reasonably expected to be required by the agency.

(2) The Secretary of Defense shall take paragraph (1) into account in approving rates of obligation of appropriations under section 2204 of this title.

(b) Opinion of Offeror With Respect to Quantity to Be Procured.—Each solicitation for a contract for supplies shall, if practicable, include a provision inviting each offeror responding to the solicitation to state an opinion on whether the quantity of the supplies proposed to be procured is economically advantageous to the United States and, if applicable, to recommend a quantity or quantities which would be more economically advantageous to the United States. Each such recommendation shall include a quotation of the total price and the unit price for supplies procured in each recommended quantity.

(Added Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1233(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2600, §2384a; renumbered §3242 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1813(c), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4179; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(b)(5), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2133.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(c), renumbered section 2384a of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(c)(1), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(5), inserted heading, in par. (1), substituted "section 3063" for "section 2303(a)" and reformatted subpars. (A) and (B) to add line breaks before each subpar. designation, and, in par. (2), realigned margin.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(c)(2), inserted heading.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Effective Date

Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1233(b), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2601, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall take effect at the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 1984]."

§3243. Encouragement of new competitors: qualification requirement

(a) Qualification Requirement Defined.—In this section, the term "qualification requirement" means a requirement for testing or other quality assurance demonstration that must be completed by an offeror before award of a contract.

(b) Actions Before Establishing Qualification Requirement.—Except as provided in subsection (c), the head of the agency shall, before establishing a qualification requirement—

(1) prepare a written justification stating the necessity for establishing the qualification requirement and specify why the qualification requirement must be demonstrated before contract award;

(2) specify in writing and make available to a potential offeror upon request all requirements which a prospective offeror, or its product, must satisfy in order to become qualified, such requirements to be limited to those least restrictive to meet the purposes necessitating the establishment of the qualification requirement;

(3) specify an estimate of the costs of testing and evaluation likely to be incurred by a potential offeror in order to become qualified;

(4) ensure that a potential offeror is provided, upon request and on a reimbursable basis, a prompt opportunity to demonstrate its ability to meet the standards specified for qualification using qualified personnel and facilities of the agency concerned or of another agency obtained through interagency agreement, or under contract, or other methods approved by the agency (including use of approved testing and evaluation services not provided under contract to the agency);

(5) if testing and evaluation services are provided under contract to the agency for the purposes of paragraph (4), provide to the extent possible that such services be provided by a contractor who is not expected to benefit from an absence of additional qualified sources and who shall be required in such contract to adhere to any restriction on technical data asserted by the potential offeror seeking qualification; and

(6) ensure that a potential offeror seeking qualification is promptly informed as to whether qualification is attained and, in the event qualification is not attained, is promptly furnished specific information why qualification was not attained.

(1) Applicability.—Subsection (b) does not apply with respect to a qualification requirement established by statute or administrative action before October 19, 1984, unless such requirement is a qualified products list.

(2) Waiver Authority.—

(A) Submission of determination of unreasonableness.—Except as provided in subparagraph (C), if it is unreasonable to specify the standards for qualification which a prospective offeror or its product must satisfy, a determination to that effect shall be submitted to the advocate for competition of the procuring activity responsible for the purchase of the item subject to the qualification requirement.

(B) Authority to grant waiver.—After considering any comments of the advocate for competition reviewing such determination, the head of the purchasing office may waive the requirements of clauses (2) through (6) of subsection (b) for up to two years with respect to the item subject to the qualification requirement.

(C) Inapplicability to qualified products list.—The waiver authority provided in this paragraph does not apply with respect to a qualified products list.

(3) Submission and consideration of offer not to be denied in certain cases.—A potential offeror may not be denied the opportunity to submit and have considered an offer for a contract solely because the potential offeror (A) is not on a qualified bidders list, qualified manufacturers list, or qualified products list, or (B) has not been identified as meeting a qualification requirement established after October 19, 1984, if the potential offeror can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the contracting officer (or, in the case of a contract for the procurement of an aviation critical safety item or ship critical safety item, the head of the design control activity for such item) that the potential offeror or its product meets the standards established for qualification or can meet such standards before the date specified for award of the contract.

(4) Referral to small business administration.—Nothing contained in this subsection requires the referral of an offer to the Small Business Administration pursuant to section 8(b)(7) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(b)(7)) if the basis for the referral is a challenge by the offeror to either the validity of the qualification requirement or the offeror's compliance with such requirement.

(5) Delay of procurement not required.—The head of an agency need not delay a proposed procurement in order to comply with subsection (b) or in order to provide a potential offeror with an opportunity to demonstrate its ability to meet the standards specified for qualification.

(6) Requirements before enforcement of certain lists.—The requirements of subsection (b) also apply before enforcement of any qualified products list, qualified manufacturers list, or qualified bidders list.

(d) Fewer Than 2 Actual Manufacturers.—

(1) Solicitation and testing of additional sources or products.—If the number of qualified sources or qualified products available to compete actively for an anticipated future requirement is fewer than two actual manufacturers or the products of two actual manufacturers, respectively, the head of the agency concerned shall—

(A) periodically publish notice in the Commerce Business Daily soliciting additional sources or products to seek qualification, unless the contracting officer determines that such publication would compromise national security; and

(B) subject to paragraph (2), bear the cost of conducting the specified testing and evaluation (excluding the costs associated with producing the item or establishing the production, quality control, or other system to be tested and evaluated) for a small business concern or a product manufactured by a small business concern which has met the standards specified for qualification and which could reasonably be expected to compete for a contract for that requirement.

(2) Certification when agency may bear cost.—Costs may be borne under paragraph (1)(B) only if the head of the agency determines that such additional qualified sources or products are likely to result in cost savings from increased competition for future requirements sufficient to amortize the costs incurred by the agency within a reasonable period of time considering the duration and dollar value of anticipated future requirements.

(3) Certification required.—The head of an agency shall require a prospective contractor requesting the United States to bear testing and evaluation costs under paragraph (1)(B) to certify as to its status as a small business concern under section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632).

(e) Examination and Revalidation of Qualification Requirement.—Within seven years after the establishment of a qualification requirement under subsection (b) or within seven years following an agency's enforcement of a qualified products list, qualified manufacturers list, or qualified bidders list, any such qualification requirement shall be examined and revalidated in accordance with the requirements of subsection (b). The preceding sentence does not apply in the case of a qualification requirement for which a waiver is in effect under subsection (c)(2).

(f) Restriction on Enforcement.—Except in an emergency as determined by the head of the agency, whenever the head of the agency determines not to enforce a qualification requirement for a solicitation, the agency may not thereafter enforce that qualification requirement unless the agency complies with the requirements of subsection (b).

(g) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) The term "aviation critical safety item" means a part, an assembly, installation equipment, launch equipment, recovery equipment, or support equipment for an aircraft or aviation weapon system if the part, assembly, or equipment contains a characteristic any failure, malfunction, or absence of which could cause a catastrophic or critical failure resulting in the loss of or serious damage to the aircraft or weapon system, an unacceptable risk of personal injury or loss of life, or an uncommanded engine shutdown that jeopardizes safety.

(2) The term "ship critical safety item" means any ship part, assembly, or support equipment containing a characteristic the failure, malfunction, or absence of which could cause a catastrophic or critical failure resulting in loss of or serious damage to the ship or unacceptable risk of personal injury or loss of life.

(3) The term "design control activity", with respect to an aviation critical safety item or ship critical safety item, means the systems command of a military department that is specifically responsible for ensuring the airworthiness of an aviation system or equipment, or the seaworthiness of a ship or ship equipment, in which such item is to be used.

(Added Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1216(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2593, §2319; amended Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(5), (i)(4), (k)(3), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 281, 282, 284; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title VIII, §802(d), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1541; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title I, §130(d), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2110; renumbered §3243 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1813(d), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4179.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(1), substituted "Encouragement of new competitors: qualification requirement" for "Encouragement of new competitors" in section catchline.

Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d), renumbered section 2319 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(2), inserted heading.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(3)(A), inserted heading.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(3)(B), substituted "paragraph (4)" for "clause (4)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(4)(A), inserted heading.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(4)(A), inserted heading and struck out "of this section" after "Subsection (b)".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(4)(C)(i), inserted heading and realigned margin.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(4)(C)(i), inserted heading and substituted "Except as provided in subparagraph (C)," for "Except as provided in subparagraph (B),".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(4)(C)(iii), (iv), redesignated second sentence of subsec. (c)(2)(A) as (B) and inserted heading. Former subpar. (B) redesignated (C).

Subsec. (c)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(4)(C)(ii), (v), redesignated subpar. (B) as (C) and inserted heading.

Subsec. (c)(3) to (6). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(4)(B), (D)–(G), inserted headings and realigned margins.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(5)(A), inserted heading.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(5)(A), (F), inserted heading and realigned margins of subpars. (A) and (B).

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(5)(C), inserted "subject to paragraph (2)," before "bear the cost of" and substituted "that requirement." for "that requirement, but such costs may be borne". Remainder of subpar. (B) redesignated par. (2).

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(5)(D), (E), designated text of par. (1)(B) beginning with "only if the head" as (2), inserted heading, and inserted "Costs may be borne under paragraph (1)(B)" at beginning. Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(5)(B), redesignated par. (2) as (3), inserted heading, and realigned margin.

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(d)(6), (7), inserted headings.

2006—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 109–364, §130(d)(1), inserted "or ship critical safety item" after "aviation critical safety item".

Subsec. (g)(2), (3). Pub. L. 109–364, §130(d)(2), added par. (2), redesignated former par. (2) as (3), inserted "or ship critical safety item" after "aviation critical safety item" and ", or the seaworthiness of a ship or ship equipment," after "or equipment", and substituted "such item" for "the item".

2003—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 108–136, §802(d)(1), inserted "(or, in the case of a contract for the procurement of an aviation critical safety item, the head of the design control activity for such item)" after "the contracting officer".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 108–136, §802(d)(2), added subsec. (g).

1987—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(k)(3), inserted "the term" after "In this section,".

Subsec. (c)(1), (3). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(i)(4), substituted "October 19, 1984," for "the date of the enactment of the Defense Procurement Reform Act of 1984".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(5)(A), inserted "(15 U.S.C. 637(b)(7))" after "Small Business Act".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(5)(B), inserted "(15 U.S.C. 632)" after "Small Business Act".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Effective Date

Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1216(c)(2), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2599, provided that: "Sections 2319 [now 10 U.S.C. 3243], [former] 2320, and [former] 2321 of title 10, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)), shall apply with respect to solicitations issued after the end of the one-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 1984]."

§3247. Contracts: regulations for bids

(a) The Secretary of Defense may—

(1) prescribe regulations for the preparation, submission, and opening of bids for contracts; and

(2) require that a bid be accompanied by a written guaranty, signed by one or more responsible persons, undertaking that the bidder, if his bid is accepted, will, within the time prescribed by the Secretary or other officer authorized to make the contract, make a contract and furnish a bond with good and sufficient sureties for the performance of the contract.

(b) If a bidder, after being notified of the acceptance of his bid, fails within the time prescribed under subsection (a)(2) to enter into a contract and furnish the prescribed bond, the Secretary concerned or other authorized officer shall—

(1) contract with another person; and

(2) charge against the defaulting bidder and his guarantors the difference between the amount specified by the bidder in his bid and the amount for which a contract is made with the other person, this difference being immediately recoverable by the United States for the use of the military department concerned in an action against the bidder and his guarantors, jointly or severally.

(c) Proceedings under this section are subject to regulations under section 121 of title 40, unless exempted therefrom under section 501(a)(2) of title 40.

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 136, §2381; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, §1405(35), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2624; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1507, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3298; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(b)(6), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1295; renumbered §3247, Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1813(e), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4181.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Revised section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
2381(a) 2381(b)	5:218 (1st sentence, less 1st 16 words; and 2d sentence). 5:218 (less 1st and 2d sentences).	Apr. 10, 1878, ch. 58, 20 Stat. 36; Mar. 3, 1883, ch. 120, 22 Stat. 487; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 654, §2(4), 65 Stat. 706.
2381(c)	5:218 (1st 16 words of 1st sentence) [applicability of 5:218 extended to Navy by 5:412b and 41:161 (1st sentence)].	Feb. 19, 1948, ch. 65, §12 (1st sentence), 62 Stat. 26.

In subsection (a)(1), the word "may" is substituted for the words "is authorized to". The words "rules and * * * to be observed" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (a)(2), the word "undertaking" is substituted for the words "to the effect that he or they undertake". The words "make a contract" are inserted for clarity. The words "in the premises" are omitted as surplusage. The words "for the performance of the contract" are substituted for the words "to furnish the supplies proposed or to perform the service required".

In subsection (b), the word "duly" is omitted as surplusage. The words "with good and sufficient security for the proper fulfillment of its terms" are omitted as covered by subsection (a)(2). The words "the prescribed" are inserted before the word "bond".

Subsection (b)(1) is substituted for the words "proceed to contract with some other person to furnish the supplies or perform the services required".

In subsection (b)(2) the word "charge" is substituted for the words "forthwith cause * * * to be charged". The words "a contract is made with the other person" are substituted for the words "he may have contracted with another party to furnish the supplies or perform the service for the whole period of the proposal". The words "guarantor or" are omitted as surplusage. The words "this difference being" are substituted for the words "and the sum may be". The words "of debt" are omitted, since that action no longer exists. The words "the bidder and his guarantors, jointly or severally" are substituted for the words "either or all of such persons".

In subsection (c), the words "Proceedings under this section are" are inserted for clarity. The words "unless exempted therefrom under section 481(a) of that title" are inserted to preserve the possibility of exemption of proceedings under the revised section from the provisions of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283 renumbered section 2381 of this title as this section.

2002—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted "section 121 of title 40" for "section 205 of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 486)" and "section 501(a)(2) of title 40" for "section 201(a) of that Act (40 U.S.C. 481(a))".

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–355 substituted "The Secretary of Defense may—

"(1) prescribe regulations for the preparation, submission, and opening of bids for contracts; and"

for "The Secretary of a military department may—

"(1) prescribe regulations for the preparation, submission, and opening of bids for contracts with that department; and".

1984—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–525 substituted "section 205 of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 486)" for "section 486 of title 40" and "section 201(a) of that Act (40 U.S.C. 481(a))" for "section 481(a) of this title".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

§3249. Advocates for competition

Each advocate for competition designated pursuant to section 1705(a) of title 41 for an agency named in section 3063 of this title shall be a general or flag officer if a member of the armed forces or in a position classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108 of title 5, if a civilian employee and shall be designated to serve for a minimum of two years.

(Added Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1216(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2593, §2318; amended Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(4), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 281; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §701(f)(1), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 115; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1031, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3260; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(17), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3843; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(f)(24), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1953; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §811(d), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1845; renumbered §3249 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1813(f), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4181.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3251 was renumbered section 7131 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(f), renumbered section 2318 of this title as this section and substituted "section 3063" for "section 2303(a)".

2018—Pub. L. 115–232 substituted "Each advocate for competition designated pursuant to section 1705(a) of title 41 for" for "(b) Each advocate for competition of" and "in a position classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108 of title 5" for "a grade GS–16 or above under the General Schedule (or in a comparable or higher position under another schedule)" and struck out subsec. (a) which related to designation of an officer or employee of the Defense Logistics Agency to serve as the advocate for competition of the agency.

2013—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–239 substituted "subsections (b) and (c) of section 1705" for "section 1705(b) and (c)".

2011—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(17)(A), substituted "section 1705(a) of title 41" for "section 20(a) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 418(a))".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(17)(B), substituted "section 1705(b) and (c) of title 41" for "sections 20(b) and 20(c) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 418(b), (c))".

1994—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–355 struck out subsec. (c) which read as follows: "Each advocate for competition of an agency of the Department of Defense shall transmit to the Secretary of Defense a report describing his activities during the preceding year. The report of each advocate for competition shall be included in the annual report of the Secretary of Defense required by section 23 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 419), in the form in which it was submitted to the Secretary."

1991—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–25 substituted "section 23" for "section 21".

1987—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(4)(A), inserted "(41 U.S.C. 418(a))" after "Policy Act".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(4)(B), inserted "(41 U.S.C. 418(b), (c))" after "Policy Act".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(4)(C), inserted "(41 U.S.C. 419)" after "Policy Act".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Effective Date

Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1216(c)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2599, provided that: "Section 2318 of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3249] (as added by subsection (a)), shall take effect on April 1, 1985."

§3252. Requirements for information relating to supply chain risk

(a) Authority.—Subject to subsection (b), the head of a covered agency may—

(1) carry out a covered procurement action; and

(2) limit, notwithstanding any other provision of law, in whole or in part, the disclosure of information relating to the basis for carrying out a covered procurement action.

(b) Determination and Notification.—The head of a covered agency may exercise the authority provided in subsection (a) only after—

(1) obtaining a joint recommendation by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment and the Chief Information Officer of the Department of Defense, on the basis of a risk assessment by the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security, that there is a significant supply chain risk to a covered system;

(2) making a determination in writing, in unclassified or classified form, with the concurrence of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, that—

(A) use of the authority in subsection (a)(1) is necessary to protect national security by reducing supply chain risk;

(B) less intrusive measures are not reasonably available to reduce such supply chain risk; and

(C) in a case where the head of the covered agency plans to limit disclosure of information under subsection (a)(2), the risk to national security due to the disclosure of such information outweighs the risk due to not disclosing such information; and

(3) providing a classified or unclassified notice of the determination made under paragraph (2) to the appropriate congressional committees, which notice shall include—

(A) the information required by section 3204(e)(2) of this title;

(B) the joint recommendation by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment and the Chief Information Officer of the Department of Defense as specified in paragraph (1);

(C) a summary of the risk assessment by the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence ¹ that serves as the basis for the joint recommendation specified in paragraph (1); and

(D) a summary of the basis for the determination, including a discussion of less intrusive measures that were considered and why they were not reasonably available to reduce supply chain risk.

(c) Delegation.—The head of a covered agency may not delegate the authority provided in subsection (a) or the responsibility to make a determination under subsection (b) to an official below the level of the service acquisition executive for the agency concerned.

(d) Limitation on Disclosure.—If the head of a covered agency has exercised the authority provided in subsection (a)(2) to limit disclosure of information—

(1) no action undertaken by the agency head under such authority shall be subject to review in a bid protest before the Government Accountability Office or in any Federal court; and

(2) the agency head shall—

(A) notify appropriate parties of a covered procurement action and the basis for such action only to the extent necessary to effectuate the covered procurement action;

(B) notify other Department of Defense components or other Federal agencies responsible for procurements that may be subject to the same or similar supply chain risk, in a manner and to the extent consistent with the requirements of national security; and

(e) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Head of a covered agency.—The term "head of a covered agency" means each of the following:

(A) The Secretary of Defense.

(B) The Secretary of the Army.

(D) The Secretary of the Air Force.

(2) Covered procurement action.—The term "covered procurement action" means any of the following actions, if the action takes place in the course of conducting a covered procurement:

(A) The exclusion of a source that fails to meet qualification standards established in accordance with the requirements of section 3243 of this title for the purpose of reducing supply chain risk in the acquisition of covered systems.

(B) The exclusion of a source that fails to achieve an acceptable rating with regard to an evaluation factor providing for the consideration of supply chain risk in the evaluation of proposals for the award of a contract or the issuance of a task or delivery order.

(C) The decision to withhold consent for a contractor to subcontract with a particular source or to direct a contractor for a covered system to exclude a particular source from consideration for a subcontract under the contract.

(3) Covered procurement.—The term "covered procurement" means—

(A) a source selection for a covered system or a covered item of supply involving either a performance specification, as provided in section 3206(a)(3)(B) of this title, or an evaluation factor, as provided in section 3206(b)(1) of this title, relating to supply chain risk;

(B) the consideration of proposals for and issuance of a task or delivery order for a covered system or a covered item of supply, as provided in section 3406(d)(3) of this title, where the task or delivery order contract concerned includes a contract clause establishing a requirement relating to supply chain risk; or

(C) any contract action involving a contract for a covered system or a covered item of supply where such contract includes a clause establishing requirements relating to supply chain risk.

(4) Supply chain risk.—The term "supply chain risk" means the risk that an adversary may sabotage, maliciously introduce unwanted function, or otherwise subvert the design, integrity, manufacturing, production, distribution, installation, operation, or maintenance of a covered system so as to surveil, deny, disrupt, or otherwise degrade the function, use, or operation of such system.

(5) Covered system.—The term "covered system" means a national security system, as that term is defined in section 3552(b)(6) of title 44.

(6) Covered item of supply.—The term "covered item of supply" means an item of information technology (as that term is defined in section 11101 of title 40) that is purchased for inclusion in a covered system, and the loss of integrity of which could result in a supply chain risk for a covered system.

(7) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term "appropriate congressional committees" means—

(A) in the case of a covered system included in the National Intelligence Program or the Military Intelligence Program, the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives, and the congressional defense committees; and

(B) in the case of a covered system not otherwise included in subparagraph (A), the congressional defense committees.

(Added Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §881(a)(1), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1910, §2339a; amended Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XVII, §1731(a)(43), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1814; renumbered §3252 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title X, §1081(a)(36), title XVIII, §1813(g), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3872, 4181.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3252, added Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VI, §671(a)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 181; amended Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VI, §615(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4485; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VI, §616(2), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2354; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VI, §616(2), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4238, related to bonus to encourage Army personnel to refer persons for enlistment in the Army, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VI, §618(a), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 840.

Another prior section 3252, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 177, provided that temporary enlistments could be made only in the Army without specification of component, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 90–235, §2(a)(2)(B), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 756.

A prior section 3253, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 177; Pub. L. 87–143, §1(1), Aug. 17, 1961, 75 Stat. 364; Pub. L. 90–235, §2(a)(2)(A), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 756; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §512(3), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2929, provided that, in peace time, Army enlistment was available only to citizens and persons lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §542(b)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3253.

Prior sections 3254 to 3256 were repealed by Pub. L. 90–235, §2(a)(2)(B), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 756.

Section 3254, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 178, provided for temporary enlistments in the Army during war or emergency.

Section 3255, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 178, provided for recruiting campaigns to obtain enlistments in the Regular Army.

Section 3256, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 178, set forth qualifications for and term of enlistments in the Regular Army and the grade in which such enlistments were made.

A prior section 3258 was renumbered section 7138 of this title.

Prior sections 3259 to 3261 were repealed by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1662(b)(3), 1691, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990, 3026, effective Dec. 1, 1994.

Section 3259, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 179; Sept. 29, 1988, Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, §1234(a)(1), 102 Stat. 2059, related to transfers in grade of enlisted members of Army National Guard of United States to Army Reserve. See section 12105 of this title.

Section 3260, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 179, provided that enlisted members of Army National Guard of United States are transferred to Army Reserve upon withdrawal as members of Army National Guard. See section 12106 of this title.

Section 3261, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 179; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §33(a)(20), 72 Stat. 1565; Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–378, §3, 75 Stat. 808, related to enlistment in Army National Guard of United States. See section 12107 of this title.

A prior section 3262 was renumbered section 7142 of this title.

Another prior section 3262, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 180; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(71), 72 Stat. 1464, provided for extension of enlistment of members of the Army needing medical care or hospitalization, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 90–235, §2(a)(2)(B), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 756.

A prior section 3263, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(71)(B), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1465; Pub. L. 87–649, §14c(4), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 501, provided for voluntary extension of enlistments in the Army, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 90–235, §2(a)(2)(B), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 756.

A prior section 3264, added Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, §541(a)(1), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1109, related to an 18-month enlistment pilot program to increase participation of prior service persons in Selected Reserve and to provide assistance in building pool of participants in Individual Ready Reserve, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title V, §531(c), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2544.

Prior sections 3281 to 3283 were renumbered sections 7151 to 7153 of this title, respectively.

Prior sections 3284 to 3300 were repealed by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §204, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2880, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981.

Section 3284, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 181, provided that appointments in commissioned grades in Regular Army be made by President, by and with the advice and consent of Senate. See section 531 of this title.

Section 3285, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 181; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(72), 72 Stat. 1465, prescribed eligibility requirements for original appointment in a commissioned grade in Regular Army, except in Medical Corps or Dental Corps and except a graduating cadet. See section 532 of this title.

Section 3286, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 181; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(73), 72 Stat. 1465, prescribed age limitations for original appointment in a commissioned grade in Regular Army, except in Medical Corps, Dental Corps, Army Nurse Corps, or Army Medical Specialist Corps. See section 532 of this title.

Section 3287, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 182; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(74), 72 Stat. 1466, provided service credit, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Army, for a person originally appointed in a commissioned grade in the Regular Army, except the Medical Corps, Dental Corps, Army Nurse Corps, or Army Medical Specialist Corps, for the purpose of determining grade, position on a promotion list, seniority in his grade in the Regular Army, and eligibility for promotion, with appointment and service credit restrictions on persons who were cadets at the United States Military, Naval, or Air Force Academies but were not graduated, and a disallowance of service credits under this section for persons who graduated from one of these Academies. See section 533 of this title.

Section 3288, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 183; Aug. 21, 1957, Pub. L. 85–155, title I, §101(7), 71 Stat. 376; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(75), 72 Stat. 1466, provided for determination of grade of a person originally appointed as a commissioned officer in Regular Army, except in Medical Corps, Dental Corps, Army Nurse Corps, or Army Medical Specialist Corps. See section 533 of this title.

Section 3289, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 183, provided that no person be originally appointed as a first lieutenant in Regular Army in Medical Corps until he passes an examination of his professional fitness before an examining board composed of at least three officers of Medical Corps designated by Secretary of the Army. See section 532 of this title.

Section 3290, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 183, provided that an original appointment in Regular Army in Medical Service Corps be made only in grade of second lieutenant and from members of Regular Army, reserves not in an inactive status, or graduates of an accredited school of pharmacy or optometry, or of a school or college who hold a degree in a science allied to medicine or any other degree approved by Surgeon General. See section 532 of this title.

Section 3291, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 183; Aug. 21, 1957, Pub. L. 85–155, title I, §101(8), 71 Stat. 376; Sept. 30, 1966, Pub. L. 89–609, §1(4), 80 Stat. 852, prescribed eligibility requirements for an original appointment in Regular Army in Army Nurse Corps or Army Medical Specialist Corps in grade of second lieutenant, first lieutenant, and captain and provided for determination of years of service creditable for promotion. See section 532 of this title.

Section 3292, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 184, provided that original appointments in commissioned grades in Regular Army in Judge Advocate General's Corps be made from officers of Regular Army in other branches, reserve commissioned officers assigned to Judge Advocate General's Corps, or qualified civilian graduates of accredited law schools. See section 532 of this title.

Section 3293, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 184, provided that no person in civil life be originally appointed as a chaplain in Regular Army unless he has passed an examination prescribed by President as to his morale, mental, and physical qualifications. See section 532 of this title.

Section 3294, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 184; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(77), 72 Stat. 1467, provided that original appointments in Regular Army be made in grades of first lieutenant through colonel in Medical Corps or Dental Corps as the Army requires, from qualified doctors of medicine, osteopathy, or dentistry who are citizens of the United States and have such other qualifications as the Secretary of the Army prescribes, with specific additional eligibility requirements for a doctor of osteopathy, and that officers so appointed receive service credit for determining grade, position on a promotion list, seniority in grade in Regular Army, and eligibility for promotion. See section 532 of this title.

Section 3295, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 184; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(78), 72 Stat. 1467, provided for determination of the place on a promotion list of name of each person who is originally appointed in a commissioned grade in Regular Army and whose name is to be carried on a promotion list, other than persons appointed in Medical Corps, Dental Corps, Army Nurse Corps, or Army Medical Specialist Corps. See section 624 of this title.

Section 3296, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 184; Aug. 21, 1957, Pub. L. 85–155, title I, §101(10), 71 Stat. 377; Aug. 6, 1958, Pub. L. 85–600, §1(5), 72 Stat. 522; June 4, 1968, Pub. L. 90–329, 82 Stat. 170; Oct. 20, 1978, Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, §820(d)(2), 92 Stat. 1627; Oct. 30, 1978, Pub. L. 95–551, §2, 92 Stat. 2069, provided for promotion lists in Regular Army for all commissioned officers in grades below brigadier general on active list, with exceptions, which officers are known as "promotion-list officers", a separate list for Chaplains and each of the several branches of Army Medical Department, and determination of place on list upon transfer or promotion. See section 624 of this title.

Section 3297, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 185; Aug. 21, 1957, Pub. L. 85–155, title I, §101(11), 71 Stat. 377; July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–616, §1(1), 74 Stat. 386; Oct. 20, 1978, Pub. L. 95–485, title VIII, §820(d)(3), 92 Stat. 1627, provided for selection boards to recommend promotion-list officers and brigadier generals of Regular Army for promotion in Regular Army. See section 611 et seq. of this title.

Section 3298, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 185; Aug. 21, 1957, Pub. L. 85–155, title I, §101(12), 71 Stat. 377; Nov. 8, 1967, Pub. L. 90–130, §1(10)(A), 81 Stat. 375, provided for promotion from grade of second lieutenant to first lieutenant after 3 years of service, discharge under section 3814 of this title upon failure of promotion, and filling vacancies for first lieutenants with second lieutenants prior to completion of 3 years of service. See section 630 of this title.

Section 3299, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 186; Aug. 21, 1957, Pub. L. 85–155, title I, §101(13), 71 Stat. 377; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §33(a)(21), 72 Stat. 1565; Nov. 8, 1967, Pub. L. 90–130, §1(10)(B), 81 Stat. 375, provided that promotion-list officers be promoted to regular grades of captain, major, and lieutenant colonel, after specified length of service or without regard to length of service in view of actual or anticipated vacancies if Secretary of the Army so directs, or be eliminated from active list under section 3303 of this title and a promotion-list officer who has twice been considered and not recommended for promotion to any one regular grade not be again considered for promotion under this section. See sections 631 and 632 of this title.

Section 3300, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 186; July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–616, §1(2), 74 Stat. 386, provided for selection board procedure when promotion-list officers in regular grade of first lieutenant, captain, or major are to be considered for promotion under section 3299 of this title. See section 611 et seq. of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(g), renumbered section 2339a of this title as this section.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1081(a)(36), inserted "and Security" after "for Intelligence".

Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(g)(1), substituted "section 3204(e)(2)" for "section 2304(f)(3)".

Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(g)(2), substituted "section 3243" for "section 2319".

Subsec. (e)(3)(A). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(g)(3)(A), substituted "section 3206(a)(3)(B)" for "section 2305(a)(1)(C)(ii)" and "section 3206(b)(1)" for "section 2305(a)(2)(A)".

Subsec. (e)(3)(B). Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(g)(3)(B), substituted "section 3406(d)(3)" for "section 2304c(d)(3)".

2019—Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted "section 3552(b)(6)" for "section 3542(b)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence redesignated and references deemed to refer to Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security, see section 1621(a) of Pub. L. 116–92, set out as a note under section 137 of this title.

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by section 1813(g) of Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

¹ See Change of Name note below.

CHAPTER 225—[Reserved]

Sec.

3271.

[Reserved].

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(i)(3), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2141, amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1813(h), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4181, which added this analysis, by substituting "[Reserved]" for "PLANNING AND SOLICITATION RELATING TO PARTICULAR ITEMS OR SERVICES" in chapter heading.